runa
See also: Rúna, runā, and runą
Bikol Central
Noun
runâ
- locality; place; region
Catalan
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ˈru.nə/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
Noun
runa f (plural runes)
- rune
Related terms
- rúnic
Etymology 2
Contraction of ruïna.
Noun
runa f (plural runes)
- ruin
- Synonym: ruïna
- debris, rubble
- Synonym: enderroc
Derived terms
- enrunar
- runam
Further reading
- “runa” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “runa”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023
- “runa” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “runa” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Gothic
Romanization
rūna
- Romanization of 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰
Icelandic
Etymology
From Old Norse runa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrʏːna/
- Rhymes: -ʏːna
Noun
runa f (genitive singular runu, nominative plural runur)
- row, sequence
- Synonym: röð
- string of letters or names, enumeration
- Synonyms: romsa, þula, upptalning
- rigmarole
- Synonyms: romsa, langloka
- (mathematics) series, sequence
Declension
declension of runa
| f-w1 | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | runa | runan | runur | runurnar |
| accusative | runu | rununa | runur | runurnar |
| dative | runu | rununni | runum | rununum |
| genitive | runu | rununnar | runa | runanna |
Anagrams
- raun
Italian
Etymology
From Latin rūna.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
- Rhymes: -una
- Hyphenation: rù‧na
Noun
runa f (plural rune)
- rune
Related terms
- runico
Anagrams
- urna
Latin
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
rūna f (genitive rūnae); first declension
- dart or javelin
- rune
Declension
First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | rūna | rūnae |
| Genitive | rūnae | rūnārum |
| Dative | rūnae | rūnīs |
| Accusative | rūnam | rūnās |
| Ablative | rūnā | rūnīs |
| Vocative | rūna | rūnae |
References
- “runa”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- runa in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- runa in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *reu-, *ru-, imitative of speech sounds (from which also Latvian rūkt (“to roar, growl, snarl”), Russian рычать (ryčatʹ, “to roar, growl, snarl”)) with a suffix *-nā. Cognates include Old Irish run, Gothic 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna, “secret, mystery”) (i.e., that which is said as a secret), Old English rūn, Old Saxon rūna, Middle Low German rūne (“mysterious whisper; runic character”), Old Norse rýna (“to talk secretly”), Old English rūnian (“to whisper; to plot, conspire”), Old High German rūnēn, German raunen (“to whisper”). Latvian runa probably also meant originally “solemn speech” (maybe “mystic ritual”?); still in the 17-19th centuries it was often used to indicate some special kind of communication (e.g., runas dot “to give advice”, lit. “to give talk”, or runas diena “council meeting”, lit. “talking day”).[1]
Noun
runa f (4th declension)
- speech, speaking, talking (articulated production of language)
- runas spēja, iemaņas, traucējumi ― speech ability, skills, disorders
- runas orgāni, aparāts ― speech organs, apparatus
- iekšēja runa ― internal speech, internal monologue
- ātra runa ― fast speech; a quick question
- izteiksmīga runa ― expressive speech
- runas veids ― way, style of speaking
- bērnu runa ― children's talk
- talk, words (what is said by someone)
- par ko ir runa? — what (are you) talking about?
- par to nevar būt ne runas ― about that there can be no talk, it is out of the question
- ticēt glaimu runām ― to believe flattering words
- runas apklusa ― the talking (= people) became silent
- speech (a spoken text, often delivered in public)
- runas māksla ― the art of speech, oratory
- oratora runa ― the speaker's talk
- apsveikuma runa ― welcome speech
- teikt runu, uzstāties ar runu ― to deliver a speech
- publiskā runa ― public speech
- galda runa ― table, banquet speech, after-dinner speech
- (grammar) speech (direct or indirect presentation of someone's words)
- tiešā, netiešā runa ― direct, indirect speech
- (chiefly in the plural) rumor, gossip, idle talk
- tukšas runas ― empty rumors
- kaimiņu runas ― neighbors' talk
- zināt no ļaužu runām ― to know from people's talk, by hearsay
- neklausīties ļaužu runās ― don't listen to people's talk
Declension
Declension of runa (4th declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | runa | runas |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | runu | runas |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | runas | runu |
| dative (datīvs) | runai | runām |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | runu | runām |
| locative (lokatīvs) | runā | runās |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | runa | runas |
Derived terms
- aizruna
- ieruna
- noruna
- paruna
- runāt
- runīgs, runīgums, runība
- saruna
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “runāt”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
Mapudungun
Noun
runa (Raguileo spelling)
- a handful
References
- Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruːnɑ/
Noun
rūna f
- nominative plural of rūn
- accusative plural of rūn
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -una
- Syllabification: ru‧na
Etymology 1
From Old Norse rún (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun
runa f
- rune
Declension
Declension of runa
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runa | runy |
| genitive | runy | run |
| dative | runie | runom |
| accusative | runę | runy |
| instrumental | runą | runami |
| locative | runie | runach |
| vocative | runo | runy |
Related terms
- runiczny
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
runa n
- inflection of runo:
- genitive singular
- nominative/accusative/vocative plural
Further reading
- runa in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- runa in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
runas
Etymology
Borrowed from French rune, from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”),[1][2] from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁũ.nɐ/ [ˈhũ.nɐ]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈʁũ.nɐ/ [ˈχũ.nɐ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈʁu.na/ [ˈhu.na]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈʁu.nɐ/
- Hyphenation: ru‧na
Noun
runa f (plural runas)
- rune
Related terms
- rúnico
References
- “runa” in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa. Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2023.
- “runa” in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa.
Quechua
Noun
runa
- man
- person, human being
Declension
declension of runa
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runa | runakuna |
| accusative | runata | runakunata |
| dative | runaman | runakunaman |
| genitive | runap | runakunap |
| locative | runapi | runakunapi |
| terminative | runakama | runakunakama |
| ablative | runamanta | runakunamanta |
| instrumental | runawan | runakunawan |
| comitative | runantin | runakunantin |
| abessive | runannaq | runakunannaq |
| comparative | runahina | runakunahina |
| causative | runarayku | runakunarayku |
| benefactive | runapaq | runakunapaq |
| associative | runapura | runakunapura |
| distributive | runanka | runakunanka |
| exclusive | runalla | runakunalla |
possessive forms of runa
ñuqap - first-person singular
| ñuqap (my) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runay | runaykuna |
| accusative | runayta | runaykunata |
| dative | runayman | runaykunaman |
| genitive | runaypa | runaykunap |
| locative | runaypi | runaykunapi |
| terminative | runaykama | runaykunakama |
| ablative | runaymanta | runaykunamanta |
| instrumental | runaywan | runaykunawan |
| comitative | runaynintin | runaykunantin |
| abessive | runayninnaq | runaykunannaq |
| comparative | runayhina | runaykunahina |
| causative | runayrayku | runaykunarayku |
| benefactive | runaypaq | runaykunapaq |
| associative | runaypura | runaykunapura |
| distributive | runayninka | runaykunanka |
| exclusive | runaylla | runaykunalla |
qampa - second-person singular
| qampa (your) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runayki | runaykikuna |
| accusative | runaykita | runaykikunata |
| dative | runaykiman | runaykikunaman |
| genitive | runaykipa | runaykikunap |
| locative | runaykipi | runaykikunapi |
| terminative | runaykikama | runaykikunakama |
| ablative | runaykimanta | runaykikunamanta |
| instrumental | runaykiwan | runaykikunawan |
| comitative | runaykintin | runaykikunantin |
| abessive | runaykinnaq | runaykikunannaq |
| comparative | runaykihina | runaykikunahina |
| causative | runaykirayku | runaykikunarayku |
| benefactive | runaykipaq | runaykikunapaq |
| associative | runaykipura | runaykikunapura |
| distributive | runaykinka | runaykikunanka |
| exclusive | runaykilla | runaykikunalla |
paypa - third-person singular
| paypa (his/her/its) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runan | runankuna |
| accusative | runanta | runankunata |
| dative | runanman | runankunaman |
| genitive | runanpa | runankunap |
| locative | runanpi | runankunapi |
| terminative | runankama | runankunakama |
| ablative | runanmanta | runankunamanta |
| instrumental | runanwan | runankunawan |
| comitative | runanintin | runankunantin |
| abessive | runanninnaq | runankunannaq |
| comparative | runanhina | runankunahina |
| causative | runanrayku | runankunarayku |
| benefactive | runanpaq | runankunapaq |
| associative | runanpura | runankunapura |
| distributive | runaninka | runankunanka |
| exclusive | runanlla | runankunalla |
ñuqanchikpa - first-person inclusive plural
| ñuqanchikpa (our(incl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runanchik | runanchikkuna |
| accusative | runanchikta | runanchikkunata |
| dative | runanchikman | runanchikkunaman |
| genitive | runanchikpa | runanchikkunap |
| locative | runanchikpi | runanchikkunapi |
| terminative | runanchikkama | runanchikkunakama |
| ablative | runanchikmanta | runanchikkunamanta |
| instrumental | runanchikwan | runanchikkunawan |
| comitative | runanchiknintin | runanchikkunantin |
| abessive | runanchikninnaq | runanchikkunannaq |
| comparative | runanchikhina | runanchikkunahina |
| causative | runanchikrayku | runanchikkunarayku |
| benefactive | runanchikpaq | runanchikkunapaq |
| associative | runanchikpura | runanchikkunapura |
| distributive | runanchikninka | runanchikkunanka |
| exclusive | runanchiklla | runanchikkunalla |
ñuqaykup - first-person exclusive plural
| ñuqaykup (our(excl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runayku | runaykukuna |
| accusative | runaykuta | runaykukunata |
| dative | runaykuman | runaykukunaman |
| genitive | runaykupa | runaykukunap |
| locative | runaykupi | runaykukunapi |
| terminative | runaykukama | runaykukunakama |
| ablative | runaykumanta | runaykukunamanta |
| instrumental | runaykuwan | runaykukunawan |
| comitative | runaykuntin | runaykukunantin |
| abessive | runaykunnaq | runaykukunannaq |
| comparative | runaykuhina | runaykukunahina |
| causative | runaykurayku | runaykukunarayku |
| benefactive | runaykupaq | runaykukunapaq |
| associative | runaykupura | runaykukunapura |
| distributive | runaykunka | runaykukunanka |
| exclusive | runaykulla | runaykukunalla |
qamkunap - second-person plural
| qamkunap (your(pl)) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runaykichik | runaykichikkuna |
| accusative | runaykichikta | runaykichikkunata |
| dative | runaykichikman | runaykichikkunaman |
| genitive | runaykichikpa | runaykichikkunap |
| locative | runaykichikpi | runaykichikkunapi |
| terminative | runaykichikkama | runaykichikkunakama |
| ablative | runaykichikmanta | runaykichikkunamanta |
| instrumental | runaykichikwan | runaykichikkunawan |
| comitative | runaykichiknintin | runaykichikkunantin |
| abessive | runaykichikninnaq | runaykichikkunannaq |
| comparative | runaykichikhina | runaykichikkunahina |
| causative | runaykichikrayku | runaykichikkunarayku |
| benefactive | runaykichikpaq | runaykichikkunapaq |
| associative | runaykichikpura | runaykichikkunapura |
| distributive | runaykichikninka | runaykichikkunanka |
| exclusive | runaykichiklla | runaykichikkunalla |
paykunap - third-person plural
| paykunap (their) | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runanku | runankukuna |
| accusative | runankuta | runankukunata |
| dative | runankuman | runankukunaman |
| genitive | runankupa | runankukunap |
| locative | runankupi | runankukunapi |
| terminative | runankukama | runankukunakama |
| ablative | runankumanta | runankukunamanta |
| instrumental | runankuwan | runankukunawan |
| comitative | runankuntin | runankukunantin |
| abessive | runankunnaq | runankukunannaq |
| comparative | runankuhina | runankukunahina |
| causative | runankurayku | runankukunarayku |
| benefactive | runankupaq | runankukunapaq |
| associative | runankupura | runankukunapura |
| distributive | runankunka | runankukunanka |
| exclusive | runankulla | runankukunalla |
Descendants
- → Spanish: runa
Serbo-Croatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rûːna/
- Hyphenation: ru‧na
Noun
rȗna f (Cyrillic spelling ру̑на)
- rune
Declension
Declension of runa
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runa | rune |
| genitive | rune | runa |
| dative | runi | runama |
| accusative | runu | rune |
| vocative | runo | rune |
| locative | runi | runama |
| instrumental | runom | runama |
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Noun
runa (Cyrillic spelling руна)
- genitive singular of runo
References
- “runa” in Hrvatski jezični portal
Slovak
Etymology
From Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈru.na/
- Hyphenation: ru‧na
Noun
runa f (genitive singular runy, nominative plural runy, genitive plural rún, declension pattern of žena)
- rune
Declension
Declension of runa
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | runa | runy |
| genitive | runy | rún |
| dative | rune | runám |
| accusative | runu | runy |
| locative | rune | runách |
| instrumental | runou | runami |
Derived terms
- runový
References
- runa in Slovak dictionaries at slovnik.juls.savba.sk
Spanish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruna/ [ˈru.na]
- Rhymes: -una
- Syllabification: ru‧na
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Old Norse rún, rúnar (“secret, rune”), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun
runa f (plural runas)
- rune
Derived terms
- rúnico
- runo
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Quechua runa (“man”).
Noun
runa m (plural runas)
- (colloquial, in Quechua communities) man
Adjective
runa
- feminine singular of runo
Further reading
- “runa”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
Swedish
Etymology
From Old Swedish run, from Old Norse rún, from Proto-Norse ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (runo), from Proto-Germanic *rūnō.
Noun
runa c
- A rune, a letter of the runic alphabet.
Declension
| Declension of runa | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | runa | runan | runor | runorna |
| Genitive | runas | runans | runors | runornas |
Related terms
- runalfabet
- runinskrift
- runrad
- runristare
- runsten
Anagrams
- uran, urna