rumpo
Latin
Etymology
From Proto-Italic *rumpō, from Proto-Indo-European *Hrunépti ~ *Hrumpénti (“to break”), from the root *Hrewp-.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈrum.poː/, [ˈrʊmpoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈrum.po/, [ˈrumpo]
Verb
rumpō (present infinitive rumpere, perfect active rūpī, supine ruptum); third conjugation
- I break, burst, tear, rend, rupture; break asunder, force open.
- Synonyms: dissolvo, solvo, absolvo, persolvo, distraho, findo, minuo
- Antonyms: coniungo, contraho, consocio, iungo, colligo, illigo, ligo, concilio
- (of the body) I break, split, rupture, burst.
- (figuratively) I break, interrupt, violate, infringe, cancel, stop, annul, destroy.
- Synonyms: interrumpō, interveniō, dirimō, āvocō, frangō, īnfringō, violō, irrumpō
- ((passive) and (reflexive)) I result, arise, spring, erupt.
- I issue, emit, bring out.
Conjugation
| Conjugation of rumpō (third conjugation) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | rumpō | rumpis | rumpit | rumpimus | rumpitis | rumpunt |
| imperfect | rumpēbam | rumpēbās | rumpēbat | rumpēbāmus | rumpēbātis | rumpēbant | |
| future | rumpam | rumpēs | rumpet | rumpēmus | rumpētis | rumpent | |
| perfect | rūpī | rūpistī | rūpit | rūpimus | rūpistis | rūpērunt, rūpēre | |
| pluperfect | rūperam | rūperās | rūperat | rūperāmus | rūperātis | rūperant | |
| future perfect | rūperō | rūperis | rūperit | rūperimus | rūperitis | rūperint | |
| sigmatic future1 | rupsō | rupsis | rupsit | rupsimus | rupsitis | rupsint | |
| passive | present | rumpor | rumperis, rumpere | rumpitur | rumpimur | rumpiminī | rumpuntur |
| imperfect | rumpēbar | rumpēbāris, rumpēbāre | rumpēbātur | rumpēbāmur | rumpēbāminī | rumpēbantur | |
| future | rumpar | rumpēris, rumpēre | rumpētur | rumpēmur | rumpēminī | rumpentur | |
| perfect | ruptus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | ruptus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
| future perfect | ruptus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
| subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | rumpam | rumpās | rumpat | rumpāmus | rumpātis | rumpant |
| imperfect | rumperem | rumperēs | rumperet | rumperēmus | rumperētis | rumperent | |
| perfect | rūperim | rūperīs | rūperit | rūperīmus | rūperītis | rūperint | |
| pluperfect | rūpissem | rūpissēs | rūpisset | rūpissēmus | rūpissētis | rūpissent | |
| sigmatic aorist1 | rupsim | rupsīs | rupsīt | rupsīmus | rupsītis | rupsint | |
| passive | present | rumpar | rumpāris, rumpāre | rumpātur | rumpāmur | rumpāminī | rumpantur |
| imperfect | rumperer | rumperēris, rumperēre | rumperētur | rumperēmur | rumperēminī | rumperentur | |
| perfect | ruptus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| pluperfect | ruptus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
| imperative | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| active | present | — | rumpe | — | — | rumpite | — |
| future | — | rumpitō | rumpitō | — | rumpitōte | rumpuntō | |
| passive | present | — | rumpere | — | — | rumpiminī | — |
| future | — | rumpitor | rumpitor | — | — | rumpuntor | |
| non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
| present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
| infinitives | rumpere | rūpisse | ruptūrum esse | rumpī | ruptum esse | ruptum īrī | |
| participles | rumpēns | — | ruptūrus | — | ruptus | rumpendus, rumpundus | |
| verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
| genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
| rumpendī | rumpendō | rumpendum | rumpendō | ruptum | ruptū | ||
1At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").
Derived terms
- abrumpō
- arrumpō
- corrumpō
- dīrumpō
- dīsrumpō
- ērumpō
- interrumpō
- intrōrumpō
- irrumpō
- perrumpō
- praecorrumpō
- praerumpō
- prōrumpō
- ruptiō
- ruptor
- ruptūra
- ruptus
- surrumpō
Descendants
- Aromanian: arup, arupiri
- Catalan: rompre
- English: rout (via Old French), ruption
- Esperanto: rompi
- Franco-Provençal: rontre (maybe from hypothetical Vulgar Latin *rumptere)
- French: rompre, rosser (possibly, via Vulgar Latin *ruptiāre)
- Friulian: rompi
- Galician: romper
- Italian: rompere
- Ladin: romper, rompe
- Occitan: ròmper, rompre, rossar (possibly, via Vulgar Latin *ruptiāre)
- Portuguese: romper, roçar (via Vulgar Latin *ruptiāre)
- Romanian: rupe, rupere
- Romansch: rumper, romper
- Sicilian: rumpiri, rùmpiri
- Spanish: romper, rozar (via Vulgar Latin *ruptiāre)
- Venetian: rónpar
References
- “rumpo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- rumpo in Enrico Olivetti, editor (2003-2023) Dizionario Latino, Olivetti Media Communication
- “rumpo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- rumpo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to annul, revoke a will: testamentum irritum facere, rumpere
- to burst one's chains: vincula rumpere
- to violate a treaty, terms of alliance: foedus frangere, rumpere, violare
- to annul, revoke a will: testamentum irritum facere, rumpere