ruhjoa
Finnish
Etymology
Possibly sound-symbolic.[1] Related to Karelian ruhjuo.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈruhjoɑˣ/, [ˈruxjo̞ɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -uhjoɑ
- Syllabification(key): ruh‧jo‧a
Verb
ruhjoa
- to mangle, mutilate
Conjugation
| Inflection of ruhjoa (Kotus type 52/sanoa, no gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ruhjon | en ruhjo | 1st sing. | olen ruhjonut | en ole ruhjonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ruhjot | et ruhjo | 2nd sing. | olet ruhjonut | et ole ruhjonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ruhjoo | ei ruhjo | 3rd sing. | on ruhjonut | ei ole ruhjonut | |
| 1st plur. | ruhjomme | emme ruhjo | 1st plur. | olemme ruhjoneet | emme ole ruhjoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ruhjotte | ette ruhjo | 2nd plur. | olette ruhjoneet | ette ole ruhjoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ruhjovat | eivät ruhjo | 3rd plur. | ovat ruhjoneet | eivät ole ruhjoneet | |
| passive | ruhjotaan | ei ruhjota | passive | on ruhjottu | ei ole ruhjottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ruhjoin | en ruhjonut | 1st sing. | olin ruhjonut | en ollut ruhjonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ruhjoit | et ruhjonut | 2nd sing. | olit ruhjonut | et ollut ruhjonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ruhjoi | ei ruhjonut | 3rd sing. | oli ruhjonut | ei ollut ruhjonut | |
| 1st plur. | ruhjoimme | emme ruhjoneet | 1st plur. | olimme ruhjoneet | emme olleet ruhjoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ruhjoitte | ette ruhjoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte ruhjoneet | ette olleet ruhjoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ruhjoivat | eivät ruhjoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat ruhjoneet | eivät olleet ruhjoneet | |
| passive | ruhjottiin | ei ruhjottu | passive | oli ruhjottu | ei ollut ruhjottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ruhjoisin | en ruhjoisi | 1st sing. | olisin ruhjonut | en olisi ruhjonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ruhjoisit | et ruhjoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit ruhjonut | et olisi ruhjonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ruhjoisi | ei ruhjoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi ruhjonut | ei olisi ruhjonut | |
| 1st plur. | ruhjoisimme | emme ruhjoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme ruhjoneet | emme olisi ruhjoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ruhjoisitte | ette ruhjoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte ruhjoneet | ette olisi ruhjoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ruhjoisivat | eivät ruhjoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat ruhjoneet | eivät olisi ruhjoneet | |
| passive | ruhjottaisiin | ei ruhjottaisi | passive | olisi ruhjottu | ei olisi ruhjottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | ruhjo | älä ruhjo | 2nd sing. | ole ruhjonut | älä ole ruhjonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ruhjokoon | älköön ruhjoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon ruhjonut | älköön olko ruhjonut | |
| 1st plur. | ruhjokaamme | älkäämme ruhjoko | 1st plur. | olkaamme ruhjoneet | älkäämme olko ruhjoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ruhjokaa | älkää ruhjoko | 2nd plur. | olkaa ruhjoneet | älkää olko ruhjoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ruhjokoot | älkööt ruhjoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot ruhjoneet | älkööt olko ruhjoneet | |
| passive | ruhjottakoon | älköön ruhjottako | passive | olkoon ruhjottu | älköön olko ruhjottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | ruhjonen | en ruhjone | 1st sing. | lienen ruhjonut | en liene ruhjonut | |
| 2nd sing. | ruhjonet | et ruhjone | 2nd sing. | lienet ruhjonut | et liene ruhjonut | |
| 3rd sing. | ruhjonee | ei ruhjone | 3rd sing. | lienee ruhjonut | ei liene ruhjonut | |
| 1st plur. | ruhjonemme | emme ruhjone | 1st plur. | lienemme ruhjoneet | emme liene ruhjoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | ruhjonette | ette ruhjone | 2nd plur. | lienette ruhjoneet | ette liene ruhjoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | ruhjonevat | eivät ruhjone | 3rd plur. | lienevät ruhjoneet | eivät liene ruhjoneet | |
| passive | ruhjottaneen | ei ruhjottane | passive | lienee ruhjottu | ei liene ruhjottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | ruhjoa | present | ruhjova | ruhjottava | ||
| long 1st2 | ruhjoakseen | past | ruhjonut | ruhjottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | ruhjoessa | ruhjottaessa | agent1, 3 | ruhjoma | |
| instructive | ruhjoen | — | negative | ruhjomaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | ruhjomassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | ruhjomasta | — | ||||
| illative | ruhjomaan | — | ||||
| adessive | ruhjomalla | — | ||||
| abessive | ruhjomatta | — | ||||
| instructive | ruhjoman | ruhjottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | ruhjominen | ||||
| partitive | ruhjomista | |||||
| 5th2 | ruhjomaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- ruhje
References
- Itkonen, Erkki; Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000) Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words] (in Finnish), [note: linked online version also includes some other etymological sources], Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN
Anagrams
- horjua, ruhoja, urhoja