rugar
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [huˈɡa(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɾ)/ [huˈɡa(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ʁ)/ [χuˈɡa(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡa(ɻ)/ [huˈɡa(ɻ)]
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ʁuˈɡaɾ/ [ʁuˈɣaɾ]
- Hyphenation: ru‧gar
- Homophone: rogar (Portugal)
Verb
rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite ruguei, past participle rugado)
- to wrinkle
Conjugation
Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
| Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| First-person (eu) | Second-person (tu) | Third-person (ele / ela / você) | First-person (nós) | Second-person (vós) | Third-person (eles / elas / vocês) | |
| Infinitive | ||||||
| Impersonal | rugar | |||||
| Personal | rugar | rugares | rugar | rugarmos | rugardes | rugarem |
| Gerund | ||||||
| rugando | ||||||
| Past participle | ||||||
| Masculine | rugado | rugados | ||||
| Feminine | rugada | rugadas | ||||
| Indicative | ||||||
| Present | rugo | rugas | ruga | rugamos | rugais | rugam |
| Imperfect | rugava | rugavas | rugava | rugávamos | rugáveis | rugavam |
| Preterite | ruguei | rugaste | rugou | rugamos1, rugámos2 | rugastes | rugaram |
| Pluperfect | rugara | rugaras | rugara | rugáramos | rugáreis | rugaram |
| Future | rugarei | rugarás | rugará | rugaremos | rugareis | rugarão |
| Conditional | ||||||
| rugaria | rugarias | rugaria | rugaríamos | rugaríeis | rugariam | |
| Subjunctive | ||||||
| Present | rugue | rugues | rugue | ruguemos | rugueis | ruguem |
| Imperfect | rugasse | rugasses | rugasse | rugássemos | rugásseis | rugassem |
| Future | rugar | rugares | rugar | rugarmos | rugardes | rugarem |
| Imperative | ||||||
| Affirmative | ruga | rugue | ruguemos | rugai | ruguem | |
| Negative (não) | não rugues | não rugue | não ruguemos | não rugueis | não ruguem | |
1Brazil.
2Portugal.
Related terms
- enrugar
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin rūgō, rūgāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ruˈɡaɾ/ [ruˈɣ̞aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: ru‧gar
Verb
rugar (first-person singular present rugo, first-person singular preterite rugué, past participle rugado)
- to wrinkle
Conjugation
Conjugation of rugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | rugar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | rugando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | rugado | rugada | |||||
| plural | rugados | rugadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rugo | rugastú rugásvos | ruga | rugamos | rugáis | rugan | |
| imperfect | rugaba | rugabas | rugaba | rugábamos | rugabais | rugaban | |
| preterite | rugué | rugaste | rugó | rugamos | rugasteis | rugaron | |
| future | rugaré | rugarás | rugará | rugaremos | rugaréis | rugarán | |
| conditional | rugaría | rugarías | rugaría | rugaríamos | rugaríais | rugarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | rugue | ruguestú ruguésvos2 | rugue | ruguemos | ruguéis | ruguen | |
| imperfect (ra) | rugara | rugaras | rugara | rugáramos | rugarais | rugaran | |
| imperfect (se) | rugase | rugases | rugase | rugásemos | rugaseis | rugasen | |
| future1 | rugare | rugares | rugare | rugáremos | rugareis | rugaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | rugatú rugávos | rugue | ruguemos | rugad | ruguen | ||
| negative | no rugues | no rugue | no ruguemos | no ruguéis | no ruguen | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Related terms
- arruga
Further reading
- “rugar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014