Roma

See also: roma, Róma, romà, romã, Rōma, and Rô-ma

English

A Roma girl in Serbia.

Etymology 1

Related to Rom, from Romani rom, probably from Sanskrit डोम (ḍoma, “member of a low caste of travelling musicians and dancers”) or डोम्ब (ḍomba)[1], probably ultimately from the same root as Sanskrit डमरु (ḍamaru, “drum”)[2]. The names of the Lom and Dom are related. Related దొమ్మర (dommara) and डोंबारी (ḍombārī) (community of wandering artists). Folk etymology pointed to a legend that the ethnic group were an exiled people from Imperial times.

The other major categories of words for the Roma are cognates of Gypsy (words related to Egypt) and cognates of tzigane (words derived from Greek); see those entries for more information.

Alternative forms

Rroma

Proper noun

Roma

A nomadic people with origins in India, the Romani.
A subgroup of the Romani people found primarily in Eastern Europe.
A variety of the Romani language (or occasionally) the Romani macrolanguage.

Translations

For: translations which are exonyms (not cognates of the Romani term for themselves), see Gypsy.

the Romani people

Albanian: Rom, Romët pl
Arabic: رُومَانِيّ‎ m (rūmāniyy)
Basque: ijito
Breton: romed
Bulgarian: ром (bg) (rom)
Catalan: romaní (ca) sg, romanís (ca) pl
Valencian: romaní (ca) sg, romanins (ca) pl
Chinese:
Mandarin: 羅姆／罗姆 (Luómǔ)
Czech: Rom (cs) m, Romové
Danish: roma c, romani c
Dutch: Roma (nl)
Esperanto: Romaoj
Estonian: Roma (et)
Faroese: romi m
Finnish: romanit (fi)
French: Roma (fr), Rroms (fr)
Georgian: ბოშა (boša)
German: Roma (de) m pl
Greek: Ρομ (el) (Rom), Ρομά (el) pl (Romá)
Hungarian: romák pl
Indonesian: Rom (id)
Italian: Rom (it)
Japanese: ロマ (Roma)
Korean: 롬 (Rom)
Macedonian: Ром m (Rom), Ромка f (Romka), Роми pl (Romi)
Marathi: रोमा (mr) (romā), रोमानी (romānī)
Norwegian: Romafolket, Romanifolk
Polish: Romowie
Portuguese: rom (pt) m pl, roma (pt) m pl
Romani: rroma m pl
Romanian: Rom (ro), romi m pl
Russian: рома́ (ru) pl (romá)
Serbo-Croatian:
Cyrillic: Роми
Roman: Romi (sh)
Slovak: Rómovia, Róm m
Slovene: Romi
Spanish: Romaní, Romaníes pl
Swedish: rom (sv)
Turkish: Romanlar
Ukrainian: Роми (Romy)
Yiddish: ראָמאַ‎ (roma), ראָמאַני‎ (romani)

the Romani macrolanguage — see Romani

Noun

Roma (plural Romas)

A Romani; a member of the Roma/Romani people.

Translations

member of the Roma/Romani people — see Rom

Adjective

Roma (not comparable)

Romani: of or pertaining to the Roma people.

Translations

Romani — see Romani

References

See e.g. Matras, Romani, A linguistic Introduction (2005)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba

Etymology 2

From Latin and Italian Roma (“Rome”). Doublet of Rome.

Proper noun

Roma

Any of a number of places, including a city in Texas and a city in Queensland.
A female given name from Latin of English-speakers.
Alternative form of Rome

Noun

Roma (plural Romas)

A variety of tomato.

Etymology 3

Compare Indonesian Bahasa Romang (“Roma language”). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.

Proper noun

Roma

An Austronesian language of Indonesia.

Anagrams

Amor, Mora, Omar, Oram, amor, moar, mora, roam

Azerbaijani

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin Rōma.

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

romà
romanç
romànic
romanitzar

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Franco-Provençal

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Galician

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

romano

German

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈroːma/
(file)

Noun

Roma m pl

plural of Rom
- 2016 April 11, Caroline Kraft, quoting Gilda-Nancy Horvat, “Beleidigt, bespuckt”, in Zeit Online‎:
  "Viele Roma positionieren sich zu Antiziganismus gar nicht, weil sie Angst haben. Sie outen sich nicht, egal, ob sie Manager, Anwälte oder Politiker sind. Der Gedanke, stolz darauf sein zu können, dass man Roma ist, erscheint immer noch absurd", meint Gilda-Nancy Horvath, selbst Romni und ORF-Journalistin.
  “Many a Rom does not take position in respect to antiziganism, by reason of fear. They don’t come out, no matter, whether they are managers, advocates or politicians. The thought of being proud about being a Rom, still appears absurd.”, opines Gilda-Nancy Horvath, herself Romni and ORF journalist.

Hawaiian

Proper noun

Roma

Romans (book of the Bible)

Indonesian

Etymology

From Italian Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈroma/
Rhymes: -ma, -a
Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma

Rome:
1. the capital city of Italy.
2. a former province of Lazio, Italy.

Alternative forms

Rom (Standard Malay)

Related terms

roman
romanis
romanistik
romansa
romantik
romantika
romantikus
romantis
romantisasi
romantisir
romantisisme
Romawi
romawi
Rumania

Italian

Etymology

From Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/
Audio (file)
Rhymes: -oma
Hyphenation: Ró‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)
Rome (a former province of Lazio, Italy)
the letter R in the Italian spelling alphabet

Related terms

romanesco
Romania
romanismo
romanista
romanità
romanizzare
romano

Descendants

→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)

Anagrams

amor, armo, armò, maro, marò, mora, orma, ramo, ramò

Latin

Etymology

Uncertain.

Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.
The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.
The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.

Pronunciation

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈroː.ma/, [ˈroːmä]

(Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/, [ˈrɔːmä]

Proper noun

Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)
Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.
That Rome might overcome all countries.
Venit Roma.
He came from Rome.
The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche).
(Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as "Nova Roma").
(Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general.

Declension

First-declension noun, with locative, singular only.

Case	Singular
Nominative	Rōma
Genitive	Rōmae
Dative	Rōmae
Accusative	Rōmam
Ablative	Rōmā
Vocative	Rōma
Locative	Rōmae

Derived terms

rōmānicus
rōmānus

Related terms

Rōmilius
Rōmulus

Descendants

Italian: Roma
Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme
- French: Rome
  - Guianese Creole: Ròm
  - Haitian Creole: Wòm
  - Lao: ໂຣມ (rōm)
- Norman: Rome
- Picard: Rome
- Walloon: Rome
Old Occitan:
- Occitan: Roma
- Catalan: Roma
West Iberian
- Old Portuguese: Roma
  - Galician: Roma
  - Portuguese: Roma
- Spanish: Roma
Sicilian: Ruma, Roma

Borrowings

→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē) (see there for further descendants)
→ Arabic: روما‎ (rūmā)
→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)
→ Proto-Slavic: *Rimъ (see there for further descendants)
→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא‎
- Israeli Hebrew: רומא‎ (róma)
→ Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)

References

“Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“Roma”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers

Anagrams

amor, armō, mora

Latvian

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Declension

declension of Roma

nominative	Roma
genitive	Romos
dative	Romai
accusative	Romą
instrumental	Roma
locative	Romoje
vocative	Roma

Maranao

Proper noun

Roma

Rome

References

A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Rom

Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Italian and Latin Roma.

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Occitan

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

roman

Old Portuguese

Etymology

From Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈro.ma/

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of the Papal States, in modern-day Italy)
- 13th century CE, Alfonso X of Castile, Cantigas de Santa Maria, To codex, cantiga 5 (facsimile):
  Eſta ·xviiii· é como ſṫa maria aiudou · á emperadriz de roma · a ſofrer as grãdes coitaſ per que paſſou.
  This 19th is how Holy Mary helped the empress of Rome suffer the great pains she underwent.

Related terms

romão

Descendants

Galician: Roma
Portuguese: Roma

Old Spanish

Etymology

From Latin Rōma. Compare Old Portuguese Roma.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈroma/

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome
- c. 1200, Almerich, Fazienda de Ultramar, f. 79r.
  Sant peẏdro fo ṕdicar en roma. e por occaſió de ſimó magus el encantador. nero el enp̲ador fizolo meter en .+. dela cabeça aẏuſo e delos pies aſuſo.
  Saint Peter went to Rome to preach, and because of Simon Magus the sorcerer Nero the emperor had him put on a cross with his head down and his feet up.

Related terms

romano

Descendants

Spanish: Roma

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese Roma, from Latin Rōma (“Rome”).

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈhõ.mɐ]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁõ.mɐ/ [ˈχõ.mɐ]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.ma/ [ˈho.ma]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁo.mɐ/

Hyphenation: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)
Rome, Ancient Rome (an ancient civilisation centred in Rome)
Synonym: Roma Antiga
the Catholic Church (Christian church centred in the Vatican)
Synonyms: Santa Sé, Vaticano, Igreja Católica

Related terms

romano
Romão
romã

Anagrams

amor

Romagnol

Alternative forms

Róma (Ravenna)

Proper noun

Roma f (Faenza)

Rome

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Related terms

roman

Sardinian

Proper noun

Roma ?

Rome (the capital of Italy)

Sicilian

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish Roma, from Latin Rōma.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈroma/ [ˈro.ma]
Rhymes: -oma
Syllabification: Ro‧ma

Proper noun

Roma f

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Derived terms

Antigua Roma
hablando del rey de Roma
Roma no se hizo en un día
todos los caminos llevan a Roma

Related terms

romance
románico
romano
romántico

Anagrams

amor, mora, ramo, roma

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish روما‎ (Roma), from Italian and Latin Roma.

Proper noun

Roma

Rome (the capital city of Italy)

Declension

Declension of Roma

	singular (tekil)	plural (çoğul)
nominative (yalın)	Roma	-
definite accusative (belirtme)	Roma'yı	-
dative (yönelme)	Roma'ya	-
locative (bulunma)	Roma'da	-
ablative (ayrılma)	Roma'dan	-
genitive (tamlayan)	Roma'nın	-

References

Kélékian, Diran (1911), “روما”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, Constantinople: Mihran, page 632

[1] See e.g. Matras, Romani, A linguistic Introduction (2005)

[2] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domba

Roma

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

Proper noun

Translations

Noun

Translations

Adjective

Translations

See also

References

Etymology 2

Proper noun

Noun

Etymology 3

Proper noun

Further reading

Anagrams

Azerbaijani

Proper noun

Catalan

Etymology

Proper noun

Related terms

Central Nahuatl

Proper noun

Franco-Provençal

Proper noun

Galician

Proper noun

Related terms

German

Pronunciation

Noun

Hawaiian

Proper noun

Indonesian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Alternative forms

Related terms

Further reading

Italian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Related terms

Descendants

Anagrams

Latin

Etymology

Pronunciation

Proper noun

Declension

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Anagrams

Latvian

Etymology

Proper noun

Lithuanian

Etymology

Proper noun

Declension

Maranao

Proper noun

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

Etymology

Proper noun

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

Proper noun

Occitan

Proper noun