roer

See also: rœr and rör

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch roer, roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Noun

roer (plural roers, diminutive roertjie)

A rifle, a gun.
A rudder.

Asturian

Alternative forms

royer

Etymology

Inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Verb

roer

to gnaw (to bite something persistently)

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Danish

Etymology 1

From ro (“to row”) +‎ -er.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /roːər/, [ˈʁoːˀɐ]

Noun

roer c (singular definite roeren, plural indefinite roere)

rower
oarsman, oarswoman

Declension

Declension of roer

common gender	Singular		Plural
common gender	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	roer	roeren	roere	roerne
genitive	roers	roerens	roeres	roernes

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /roːər/, [ˈʁoːɐ]

Noun

roer c

indefinite plural of roe (“beet, rutabaga, turnip”)

Dutch

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rur/, [ruːr]
Audio (file)
Hyphenation: roer
Rhymes: -ur

Etymology 1

From a contraction of earlier roeder, from Middle Dutch roeder, from Old Dutch *ruother, from Proto-West Germanic *rōþr, from Proto-Germanic *rōþrą.

Cognate with West Frisian roer, German Ruder, English rudder.

Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)

A boat's wheel
A rudder, device to steer a vessel
(figuratively) (used absolutely, with the definite article: het roer) control
aan het roer staan — to have (situation, etc.) under control, to be in charge

Derived terms

roerganger
roerwiel

Descendants

Afrikaans: roer
→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)
- → Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)
- → Azerbaijani: rul
- → Georgian: რული (ruli)
- → Kazakh: рөл (röl)
- → Persian: رل‎ (rol)

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch roer, from Proto-Germanic *rauzą (“tube”). Cognate with German Rohr. The modern Dutch -oe- instead of expected -oo- is unexplained.

Noun

roer n (plural roeren, diminutive roertje n)

(historical) light musket, matchlock gun
Synonym: vuurroer

Derived terms

blaasroer
roerdrager
vuurroer

Descendants

Afrikaans: roer
Jersey Dutch: rûr
Negerhollands: roer, ru

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

roer

first-person singular present indicative of roeren
imperative of roeren

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician and Old Portuguese roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /roˈeɾ/

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roio, first-person singular preterite roín, past participle roído)

(transitive) to gnaw, to nibble, to bite
- 1555, Hernán Núñez, Refranes en Romance:
  As veces ruyn gadela roy boa correa
  Sometimes a bad bitch gnaws a good leash
- 1697, several authors, Fiestas Minervales. Santiago: Antonio Frayz, page 34:
  Dubido do que farei / Para saír desta enfeita / Maxino roer as uñas / E bourar mui ben na testa
  I'm dubious on what to do / To exit of this preparation / I imagine myself biting my nails / And ably beating my head
- 1862, Manuel Magariños, Ferro-carril Compostelano:
  Cada vez a cousa engorda,
  como que incha a ollos vistos,
  Pro, si incha, non estoura;
  como o pelexo enteirizo
  da castaña agüenta e fofa
  pra levála o enemincho;
  Cando máis, si algo rebenta,
  e arregaña, é o ourizo,
  pra guindar limpa a castaña
  e roer fruto tan rico
  The thing grows at every time,
  as it swells in plain sight,
  but, although it swells, it does not burst;
  as the one-piece peel
  of the soft watery chestnuts
  you take to an enemy;
  at most, if something pops
  and cracks is the burr,
  to throw clean the chestnut
  and nibble such a rich fruit
(transitive) to corrode

Conjugation

Note: ro- are changed to roi- before back vowels (a, o).

Conjugation of roer

	singular			plural
person	first	second	third	first	second	third
Infinitive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
impersonal	roer
personal	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roeren
Gerund
	roendo
Past participle	singular			plural
masculine	roído			roídos
feminine	roída			roídas
Indicative	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	roio	roes	roe	roemos	roedes	roen
imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roïamos	roïades	roían
preterite	roín	roíches	roeu	roemos	roestes	roeron
pluperfect	roera	roeras	roera	roeramos	roerades	roeran
future	roerei	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roeredes	roerán
conditional	roería	roerías	roería	roeriamos	roeriades	roerían
Subjunctive	eu	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
present	roia	roias	roia	roiamos	roiades	roian
preterite	roese	roeses	roese	roésemos	roésedes	roesen
future	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roeren
Imperative	–	ti	el/ela/Vde.	nós	vós	eles/elas/Vdes.
affirmative	–	roe	roia	roiamos	roede	roian
negative	–	roias	roia	roiamos	roiades	roian

Derived terms

hai que roelo (“we/you/they must endure it”, literally “(you/we) should gnaw it”)

References

“roer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
“roer” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
“roer” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
“roer” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

From ro (“row”) +‎ -er.

Noun

roer m (definite singular roeren, indefinite plural roere, definite plural roerne)

an oarsman, rower

Verb

roer

present of roe

References

“roer” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Portuguese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Portuguese roer, from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“to gnaw, scrape, scratch”).

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [hoˈe(h)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [hʊˈe(h)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈhwe(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ɾ)/ [hoˈe(ɾ)], /ʁuˈe(ɾ)/ [hʊˈe(ɾ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɾ)/ [ˈhwe(ɾ)]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ʁ)/ [χoˈe(χ)], /ʁuˈe(ʁ)/ [χʊˈe(χ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ʁ)/ [ˈχwe(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA^(key): /ʁoˈe(ɻ)/ [hoˈe(ɻ)], /ʁuˈe(ɻ)/ [hʊˈe(ɻ)], (faster pronunciation) /ˈʁwe(ɻ)/ [ˈhwe(ɻ)]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁweɾ/

Hyphenation: ro‧er

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)

to gnaw
- 1917, Raul Brandão, Húmus, 2ª edição
  Ouço sempre o mesmo ruido de morte que devagar roe e persiste...
  I always hear the same slowly gnawing and persistent noise of death...
O rato está roendo. ― The mouse is gnawing.
inflection of roer:
1. first/third-person singular future subjunctive
2. first/third-person singular personal infinitive

Conjugation

Conjugation of roer (irregular) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	roer
Personal	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Gerund
	roendo
Past participle
Masculine	roído			roídos
Feminine	roída			roídas
Indicative
Present	roo, rôo¹	róis	rói	roemos	roeis	roem
Imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roíamos	roíeis	roíam
Preterite	roí	roeste	roeu	roemos	roestes	roeram
Pluperfect	roera	roeras	roera	roêramos	roêreis	roeram
Future	roerei	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roereis	roerão
Conditional
	roeria	roerias	roeria	roeríamos	roeríeis	roeriam
Subjunctive
Present	roa	roas	roa	roamos	roais	roam
Imperfect	roesse	roesses	roesse	roêssemos	roêsseis	roessem
Future	roer	roeres	roer	roermos	roerdes	roerem
Imperative
Affirmative		rói	roa	roamos	roei	roam
Negative (não)		não roas	não roa	não roamos	não roais	não roam

¹Superseded.

Spanish

Etymology

From Old Spanish roer, inherited from Latin rōdere, from Proto-Indo-European *rōd-, contracted o-grade form of *reh₁d- (“gnaw, scrape, scratch”). Related to English rodent.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /roˈeɾ/ [roˈeɾ]
Rhymes: -eɾ
Syllabification: ro‧er

Verb

roer (first-person singular present roo or roigo or royo, first-person singular preterite roí, past participle roído)

to gnaw
to pick at
to wear down

Conjugation

Conjugation of roer (irregular) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

		singular			plural
infinitive			roer
gerund			royendo
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		roído		roída
		plural		roídos		roídas
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	roo, roigo, royo	roes^{^tú} roés^{^vos}	roe	roemos	roéis	roen
	imperfect	roía	roías	roía	roíamos	roíais	roían
	preterite	roí	roíste	royó	roímos	roísteis	royeron
	future	roeré	roerás	roerá	roeremos	roeréis	roerán
	conditional	roería	roerías	roería	roeríamos	roeríais	roerían

subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	roa, roiga, roya	roas, roigas, royas^{^tú} roás, roigás, royás^{^vos²}	roa, roiga, roya	roamos, roigamos, royamos	roáis, roigáis, royáis	roan, roigan, royan
	imperfect (ra)	royera	royeras	royera	royéramos	royerais	royeran
	imperfect (se)	royese	royeses	royese	royésemos	royeseis	royesen
	future¹	royere	royeres	royere	royéremos	royereis	royeren

imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		roe^{^tú} roé^{^vos}	roa, roiga, roya	roamos, roigamos, royamos	roed	roan, roigan, royan
	negative		no roas, no roigas, no royas	no roa, no roiga, no roya	no roamos, no roigamos, no royamos	no roáis, no roigáis, no royáis	no roan, no roigan, no royan

¹Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Selected combined forms of roer (irregular)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive roer
	dative	roerme	roerte	roerle, roerse	roernos	roeros	roerles, roerse
	accusative	roerme	roerte	roerlo, roerla, roerse	roernos	roeros	roerlos, roerlas, roerse

with gerund royendo
	dative	royéndome	royéndote	royéndole, royéndose	royéndonos	royéndoos	royéndoles, royéndose
	accusative	royéndome	royéndote	royéndolo, royéndola, royéndose	royéndonos	royéndoos	royéndolos, royéndolas, royéndose

with informal second-person singular tú imperative roe
	dative	róeme	róete	róele	róenos	not used	róeles
	accusative	róeme	róete	róelo, róela	róenos	not used	róelos, róelas

with informal second-person singular vos imperative roé
	dative	roeme	roete	roele	roenos	not used	roeles
	accusative	roeme	roete	roelo, roela	roenos	not used	roelos, roelas

with formal second-person singular imperative roa, roiga, roya
	dative	róame, róigame, róyame	not used	róale, róigale, róyale, róase, róigase, róyase	róanos, róiganos, róyanos	not used	róales, róigales, róyales
	accusative	róame, róigame, róyame	not used	róalo, róigalo, róyalo, róala, róigala, róyala, róase, róigase, róyase	róanos, róiganos, róyanos	not used	róalos, róigalos, róyalos, róalas, róigalas, róyalas

with first-person plural imperative roamos, roigamos, royamos
	dative	not used	roámoste, roigámoste, royámoste	roámosle, roigámosle, royámosle	roámonos, roigámonos, royámonos	roámoos, roigámoos, royámoos	roámosles, roigámosles, royámosles
	accusative	not used	roámoste, roigámoste, royámoste	roámoslo, roigámoslo, royámoslo, roámosla, roigámosla, royámosla	roámonos, roigámonos, royámonos	roámoos, roigámoos, royámoos	roámoslos, roigámoslos, royámoslos, roámoslas, roigámoslas, royámoslas

with informal second-person plural imperative roed
	dative	roedme	not used	roedle	roednos	roeos	roedles
	accusative	roedme	not used	roedlo, roedla	roednos	roeos	roedlos, roedlas

with formal second-person plural imperative roan, roigan, royan
	dative	róanme, róiganme, róyanme	not used	róanle, róiganle, róyanle	róannos, róigannos, róyannos	not used	róanles, róiganles, róyanles, róanse, róiganse, róyanse
	accusative	róanme, róiganme, róyanme	not used	róanlo, róiganlo, róyanlo, róanla, róiganla, róyanla	róannos, róigannos, róyannos	not used	róanlos, róiganlos, róyanlos, róanlas, róiganlas, róyanlas, róanse, róiganse, róyanse

Derived terms

roedor
hueso duro de roer (“tough cookie, tough nut to crack”)

Related terms

roso

roer

Afrikaans

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Asturian

Alternative forms

Etymology

Verb

Conjugation

Danish

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

Dutch

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 2

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Etymology 3

Verb

Galician

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology 1

Noun

Verb

References

Portuguese

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Further reading