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单词 robust
释义

robust

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.

Pronunciation

  • (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ɹəʊˈbʌst/, /ɹəˈbʌst/
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • Audio (UK)(file)
  • (General American) IPA(key): /ɹoʊˈbʌst/
  • Rhymes: -ʌst
  • Hyphenation: ro‧bust

Adjective

robust (comparative robuster or more robust, superlative robustest or most robust) (see usage notes)

  1. Evincing strength and health; strong.
    He was a robust man of six feet four.
    robust health
    A robust wall was put up.
    • 1869, Anthony Trollope, Phineas Finn
      She was stronger, larger, more robust physically than he had hitherto conceived.
  2. Violent; rough; rude.
    • 2011 October 1, Phil McNulty, “Everton 0 - 2 Liverpool”, in BBC Sport‎:
      As a frenetic opening continued, Cahill - whose robust approach had already prompted Jamie Carragher to register his displeasure to Atkinson - rose above the Liverpool defence to force keeper Pepe Reina into an athletic tip over the top.
  3. Requiring strength or vigor.
    robust employment
  4. Sensible (of intellect etc.); straightforward, not given to or confused by uncertainty or subtlety.
  5. (systems engineering) Designed or evolved in such a way as to be resistant to total failure despite partial damage.
  6. (software engineering) Resistant or impervious to failure regardless of user input or unexpected conditions.
  7. (statistics) Not greatly influenced by errors in assumptions about the distribution of sample errors.
  8. (chiefly zoology, anthropology, paleontology) Of an individual or skeletal element: strongly built; muscular; not gracile.

Usage notes

  • "More" and "most robust" are much more common than the forms ending in "-er" or "-est".

Derived terms

  • robustness
  • robusta

Translations

Further reading

  • robust statistics on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

  • brotus, or bust, turbos

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin rōbustus, first attested circa 1400.[1]

Pronunciation

  • (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /ruˈbust/
  • (Valencian) IPA(key): /roˈbust/

Adjective

robust (feminine robusta, masculine plural robusts or robustos, feminine plural robustes)

  1. robust (evincing strength and health)
    Synonyms: fort, vigorós

Derived terms

  • robustament
  • robustesa

References

  1. “robust”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2023

Further reading

  • “robust” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
  • “robust” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
  • “robust” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

German

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rōbustus.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʁoˈbʊst/
  • Audio(file)
  • Audio(file)
  • Hyphenation: ro‧bust

Adjective

robust (strong nominative masculine singular robuster, comparative robuster, superlative am robustesten)

  1. robust

Declension

Positive forms of robust
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist robustsie ist robustes ist robustsie sind robust
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerobusterrobusterobustesrobuste
genitiverobustenrobusterrobustenrobuster
dativerobustemrobusterrobustemrobusten
accusativerobustenrobusterobustesrobuste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder robustedie robustedas robustedie robusten
genitivedes robustender robustendes robustender robusten
dativedem robustender robustendem robustenden robusten
accusativeden robustendie robustedas robustedie robusten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein robustereine robusteein robustes(keine) robusten
genitiveeines robusteneiner robusteneines robusten(keiner) robusten
dativeeinem robusteneiner robusteneinem robusten(keinen) robusten
accusativeeinen robusteneine robusteein robustes(keine) robusten
Comparative forms of robust
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist robustersie ist robusteres ist robustersie sind robuster
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerobustererrobustererobusteresrobustere
genitiverobusterenrobustererrobusterenrobusterer
dativerobusteremrobustererrobusteremrobusteren
accusativerobusterenrobustererobusteresrobustere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder robusteredie robusteredas robusteredie robusteren
genitivedes robusterender robusterendes robusterender robusteren
dativedem robusterender robusterendem robusterenden robusteren
accusativeden robusterendie robusteredas robusteredie robusteren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein robusterereine robustereein robusteres(keine) robusteren
genitiveeines robustereneiner robustereneines robusteren(keiner) robusteren
dativeeinem robustereneiner robustereneinem robusteren(keinen) robusteren
accusativeeinen robustereneine robustereein robusteres(keine) robusteren
Superlative forms of robust
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist am robustestensie ist am robustestenes ist am robustestensie sind am robustesten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativerobustesterrobustesterobustestesrobusteste
genitiverobustestenrobustesterrobustestenrobustester
dativerobustestemrobustesterrobustestemrobustesten
accusativerobustestenrobustesterobustestesrobusteste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder robustestedie robustestedas robustestedie robustesten
genitivedes robustestender robustestendes robustestender robustesten
dativedem robustestender robustestendem robustestenden robustesten
accusativeden robustestendie robustestedas robustestedie robustesten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein robustestereine robustesteein robustestes(keine) robustesten
genitiveeines robustesteneiner robustesteneines robustesten(keiner) robustesten
dativeeinem robustesteneiner robustesteneinem robustesten(keinen) robustesten
accusativeeinen robustesteneine robustesteein robustestes(keine) robustesten

Derived terms

  • Robustheit

Further reading

  • “robust” in Duden online
  • “robust” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin rōbustus.

Adjective

robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)

  1. robust, sturdy

References

  • “robust” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin rōbustus.

Adjective

robust (neuter singular robust, definite singular and plural robuste)

  1. robust, sturdy

References

  • “robust” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French robuste, from Latin rōbustus.

Adjective

robust m or n (feminine singular robustă, masculine plural robuști, feminine and neuter plural robuste)

  1. robust

Declension
Declension of robust
singular plural
masculine neuter feminine masculine neuter feminine
nominative/
accusative 		indefinite robust robustă robuști robuste
definite robustul robusta robuștii robustele
genitive/
dative 		indefinite robust robuste robuști robuste
definite robustului robustei robuștilor robustelor

Swedish

Adjective

robust (comparative robustare, superlative robustast)

  1. robust

Declension

Inflection of robust
IndefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative2
Common singularrobustrobustarerobustast
Neuter singularrobustrobustarerobustast
Pluralrobustarobustarerobustast
Masculine plural3robusterobustarerobustast
DefinitePositiveComparativeSuperlative
Masculine singular1robusterobustarerobustaste
Allrobustarobustarerobustaste
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.
2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
3) Dated or archaic

References

  • robust in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
  • robust in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
  • robust in Svensk ordbok (SO)
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