risti
See also: rišti
Estonian
Etymology 1
Derived from rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrisːʲti/
Adverb
risti
- crosswise
- perpendicular, at a right angle
Etymology 2
Derived from the genitive of rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈristi/
Noun
risti (genitive risti, partitive ristit)
- (card games) clubs
Declension
Inflection of risti (ÕS type 16/pere, no gradation)
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | risti | ristid |
| accusative | risti | ristid |
| genitive | risti | ristide |
| partitive | ristit | ristisid |
| illative | risti ristisse | ristidesse |
| inessive | ristis | ristides |
| elative | ristist | ristidest |
| allative | ristile | ristidele |
| adessive | ristil | ristidel |
| ablative | ristilt | ristidelt |
| translative | ristiks | ristideks |
| terminative | ristini | ristideni |
| essive | ristina | ristidena |
| abessive | ristita | ristideta |
| comitative | ristiga | ristidega |
Finnish
FWOTD – 18 April 2020
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠t̪i]
- Rhymes: -isti
- Syllabification(key): ris‧ti
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ, “cross”).
Further etymology
- Further from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ, from Old High German Krist, from Ancient Greek Χριστός (Khristós, “Christ”, literally “anointed”). Unrelated to Kristus.
- Related to Estonian rist and Livonian rišt.
- The sense "clubs (card suit)" is a semantic loan from German Kreuz (as are Czech kříž, Russian кре́сти (krésti)), probably named so due to the shape's similarity to that of a cross (particularly the Greek cross and/or the cross pattée).
Noun
risti
- cross (shape)
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- Synonym: krusifiksi
- cross (execution device)
- Synonym: ristinpuu
- (typography) dagger (†)
- (card games) clubs, club
- (Christianity) cross, crucifix
- (music, informal) sharp (symbol ♯ in notation)
- Synonyms: ylennysmerkki, ylennys (informal), korotusmerkki (rare)
- (anatomy) Clipping of ristiselkä (“small of the back”, of animals).
Usage notes
Risti typically refers to a horizontal cross (+). For the tilted symbol (x), see rasti and its synonyms.
Declension
| Inflection of risti (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | risti | ristit | |
| genitive | ristin | ristien | |
| partitive | ristiä | ristejä | |
| illative | ristiin | risteihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | ristit | |
| accusative | nom. | risti | ristit |
| gen. | ristin | ||
| genitive | ristin | ristien | |
| partitive | ristiä | ristejä | |
| inessive | ristissä | risteissä | |
| elative | rististä | risteistä | |
| illative | ristiin | risteihin | |
| adessive | ristillä | risteillä | |
| ablative | ristiltä | risteiltä | |
| allative | ristille | risteille | |
| essive | ristinä | risteinä | |
| translative | ristiksi | risteiksi | |
| instructive | — | ristein | |
| abessive | ristittä | risteittä | |
| comitative | — | risteineen | |
| Possessive forms of risti (type risti) | ||
|---|---|---|
| possessor | singular | plural |
| 1st person | ristini | ristimme |
| 2nd person | ristisi | ristinne |
| 3rd person | ristinsä | |
Derived terms
- Punainen Risti
- ristiin rastiin
- ristikko
- ristiä
Compounds
compounds
- ansioristi
- haarukkaristi
- hakaristi
- hakaristilippu
- hautaristi
- joukkoristiside
- kahvaristi
- kaksoisristi
- maltanristi
- piispanristi
- puuristi
- rautaristi
- ristiaallokko
- ristiakka
- ristiallergia
- ristiaskel
- ristihuuli
- ristihyppely
- ristihämähäkki
- ristiinajo
- ristiinnaulita
- ristiinnaulitunkuva
- ristiinomistus
- ristiinpukeutuminen
- ristiinäänestys
- risti-istunta
- ristijousto
- ristijätkä
- ristikakkonen
- ristikappale
- ristikasi
- ristikirkko
- ristikkäispaine
- ristikolmonen
- ristikortti
- ristikudosrengas
- ristikukkainen
- ristikukkaiskasvi
- ristikulma
- ristikuningas
- ristikuningatar
- ristikunkku
- ristikurko
- ristikuulustella
- ristikuulustelu
- ristikuutonen
- ristikuva
- ristikuvaus
- ristikymppi
- ristikärkitaltta
- ristilaukka
- ristilukki
- ristiluu
- ristimänimi
- ristinelonen
- ristinikama
- ristinivel
- ristinkuolema
- ristinmerkki
- ristinolla
- ristinpuu
- ristintie
- ristiote
- ristipaine
- ristipisto
- ristipistokirjonta
- ristipurenta
- ristipää
- ristipäämeisseli
- ristipääruuvi
- ristipäätaltta
- ristipölytteinen
- ristipölytys
- ristiretkeläinen
- ristiretki
- ristiriidaton
- ristiriipunta
- ristiriita
- ristiriitaisuus
- ristiriitatilanne
- ristiritari
- ristirouva
- ristisaatto
- ristisana
- ristisanatehtävä
- ristiseiska
- ristiselkä
- ristiside
- ristisidonta
- ristisidos
- ristisiitos
- ristisiittoinen
- ristisorsa
- ristisotamies
- ristisotilas
- ristisyöttö
- ristitaulukko
- ristiteritys
- ristituli
- ristitulo
- ristiturpa
- ristiura
- ristiuraruuvi
- ristivaneri
- ristiverinen
- ristiveto
- ristivitonen
- ristivyö
- ristivyöheitto
- ristivyöote
- ristiysi
- ristiässä
- siniristi
- siniristilippu
- suurristi
- tuomaanristi
- vapaudenristi
- vinoristi
Related terms
- risteys
Verb
risti
- third-person singular past indicative of ristiä
- present active indicative connegative of ristiä
- second-person singular present imperative of ristiä
- second-person singular present active imperative connegative of ristiä
References
- Kallio, Petri (2006). On the Earliest Slavic Loanwords in Finnic. In Slavica Helsingiensia 27. Helsinki. →ISBN.
Anagrams
- ritsi
Ingrian
Etymology
From Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ), from Proto-Slavic *krьstъ. Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈris̠tʲ]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈristi/, [ˈriʃti]
- Rhymes: -isti
- Hyphenation: ris‧ti
Noun
risti
- cross
- (card games) clubs
Declension
| Declension of risti (type 5/vahti, st-ss gradation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| nominative | risti | rissit |
| genitive | rissin | ristiin, ristilöin |
| partitive | ristiä | ristijä, ristilöjä |
| illative | ristii | ristii, ristilöihe |
| inessive | rissiis | ristiis, ristilöis |
| elative | rissist | ristiist, ristilöist |
| allative | rissille | ristiille, ristilöille |
| adessive | rissiil | ristiil, ristilöil |
| ablative | rissilt | ristiilt, ristilöilt |
| translative | rissiks | ristiiks, ristilöiks |
| essive | ristinnä, ristiin | ristiinnä, ristilöinnä, ristiin, ristilöin |
| exessive1) | ristint | ristiint, ristilöint |
| 1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. | ||
Derived terms
- ristii
- ristiprosekka
References
- V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 62
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 480
Karelian
| North Karelian (Viena) | risti |
|---|---|
| South Karelian (Tver) | risti |
Etymology
Ultimately from Old East Slavic крьстъ (krĭstŭ). Cognates include Finnish risti and Estonian rist.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrisʲtʲi/
- Hyphenation: ris‧ti
Noun
risti (genitive rissin, partitive ristie)
- cross
Declension
| Viena Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | rissit | |
| genitive | rissin | ristien | |
| partitive | ristie | ristijä | |
| illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
| inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
| elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
| adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
| ablative | rissiltä | ristilöiltä | |
| translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
| essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
| comitative | — | ristilöineh | |
| comitative | rissittä | ristilöittä | |
| Tver Karelian declension of risti (type 2/risti, st-ss gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | risti | rissit | |
| genitive | rissin | ristilöin | |
| partitive | ristie | ristilöidä | |
| illative | ristih | ristilöih | |
| inessive | rississä | ristilöissä | |
| elative | rissistä | ristilöistä | |
| adessive | rissillä | ristilöillä | |
| ablative | rissildä | ristilöildä | |
| translative | rissiksi | ristilöiksi | |
| essive | ristinä | ristilöinä | |
| comitative | rissinke | ristilöinke | |
| comitative | rissittä | ristilöittä | |
| Possessive forms of risti | ||
|---|---|---|
| 1st person | ristini | |
| 2nd person | ristis | |
| 3rd person | ristih | |
| *) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. | ||
References
- A. V. Punzhina (1994), “ris't'i”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN
- P. M. Zaykov et al. (2015), “крест”, in Venäjä-Viena Šanakirja [Russian-Viena Karelian Dictionary], →ISBN
Lithuanian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈrʲɪsʲtʲɪ]
Verb
rìsti (third-person present tense rìta, third-person past tense rìto) [1]
- (transitive) to roll
- akmenį risti[1] - to roll a stone
- (transitive) to overthrow
Conjugation
Conjugation of risti
| singular (vienaskaita) | plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) | 2nd person (antrasis asmuo) | 3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) | present (esamasis laikas) | ritu | riti | rita | ritame, ritam | ritate, ritat | rita | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) | ritau | ritai | rito | ritome, ritom | ritote, ritot | rito | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) | risdavau | risdavai | risdavo | risdavome, risdavom | risdavote, risdavot | risdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) | risiu | risi | riss | risime, risim | risite, risit | riss | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) | risčiau | ristum, ristumei | ristų | ristumėme, ristumėm, ristume | ristumėte, ristumėt | ristų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) | — | risk, riski | terita, teritie | riskime, riskim | riskite, riskit | terita, teritie | ||
Participles of risti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | ritąs, ritantis | ritamas | |
| past | ritęs | ristas | |
| past frequentative | risdavęs | — | |
| future | risiąs, risiantis | risimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | ristinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | risdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) | present | ritant | |
| past | ritus | ||
| past frequentative | risdavus | ||
| future | risiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | riste, ristinai | ||
Synonyms
- (to turn over): ridenti, ritinti
- (to overthrow): versti
Derived terms
verbs derived from risti
- (reflexive) ristis
- išristi
- (reflexive) išsiristi
- paristi
- parristi
- (reflexive) parsiristi
- užristi
nouns derived from risti
- ritimas m
Related terms
verbs related to risti
- ridenti
- ritinti
nouns related to risti
- ritinys m
References
- “risti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.