rikkoa
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *rikkodak. Cognates include Estonian rikkuma, Ingrian rikkoa, Karelian rikkuo, Livonian rikkõ, Ludian rikkoda, Veps rikta and Votic rikkoa.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrikːoɑˣ/, [ˈrikːo̞ɑ(ʔ)]
- Rhymes: -ikːoɑ
- Syllabification(key): rik‧ko‧a
Verb
rikkoa
- (transitive) to break
- Kuka on rikkonut kahvimukini?
- Who has broken my coffee mug?
- Hän rikkoi lupauksensa.
- She broke her promise.
- rikkoa seteli = to break a bill
- (transitive) to violate, breach
- Rikkovatko poliisin toimet perustuslakia?
- Are the police's actions violating the Constitution?
- (transitive, intransitive) to offend, to transgress (something = partitive, against something = partitive + vastaan)
- Hän rikkoo hyviä tapoja vastaan, miten haluaa.
- He'll transgress against common decency as he wants.
- Mekin anteeksi annamme niille, jotka ovat meitä vastaan rikkoneet.
- We forgive those who trespassed against us.
- (transitive) to renege
- Yritys rikkoi sopimusta.
- The company reneged the contract.
- (transitive) ~ rauhaa = to disturb the peace
- (sports, transitive + partitive) to foul
Conjugation
| Inflection of rikkoa (Kotus type 52*A/sanoa, kk-k gradation) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| indicative mood | ||||||
| present tense | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rikon | en riko | 1st sing. | olen rikkonut | en ole rikkonut | |
| 2nd sing. | rikot | et riko | 2nd sing. | olet rikkonut | et ole rikkonut | |
| 3rd sing. | rikkoo | ei riko | 3rd sing. | on rikkonut | ei ole rikkonut | |
| 1st plur. | rikomme | emme riko | 1st plur. | olemme rikkoneet | emme ole rikkoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | rikotte | ette riko | 2nd plur. | olette rikkoneet | ette ole rikkoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | rikkovat | eivät riko | 3rd plur. | ovat rikkoneet | eivät ole rikkoneet | |
| passive | rikotaan | ei rikota | passive | on rikottu | ei ole rikottu | |
| past tense | pluperfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rikoin | en rikkonut | 1st sing. | olin rikkonut | en ollut rikkonut | |
| 2nd sing. | rikoit | et rikkonut | 2nd sing. | olit rikkonut | et ollut rikkonut | |
| 3rd sing. | rikkoi | ei rikkonut | 3rd sing. | oli rikkonut | ei ollut rikkonut | |
| 1st plur. | rikoimme | emme rikkoneet | 1st plur. | olimme rikkoneet | emme olleet rikkoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | rikoitte | ette rikkoneet | 2nd plur. | olitte rikkoneet | ette olleet rikkoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | rikkoivat | eivät rikkoneet | 3rd plur. | olivat rikkoneet | eivät olleet rikkoneet | |
| passive | rikottiin | ei rikottu | passive | oli rikottu | ei ollut rikottu | |
| conditional mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rikkoisin | en rikkoisi | 1st sing. | olisin rikkonut | en olisi rikkonut | |
| 2nd sing. | rikkoisit | et rikkoisi | 2nd sing. | olisit rikkonut | et olisi rikkonut | |
| 3rd sing. | rikkoisi | ei rikkoisi | 3rd sing. | olisi rikkonut | ei olisi rikkonut | |
| 1st plur. | rikkoisimme | emme rikkoisi | 1st plur. | olisimme rikkoneet | emme olisi rikkoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | rikkoisitte | ette rikkoisi | 2nd plur. | olisitte rikkoneet | ette olisi rikkoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | rikkoisivat | eivät rikkoisi | 3rd plur. | olisivat rikkoneet | eivät olisi rikkoneet | |
| passive | rikottaisiin | ei rikottaisi | passive | olisi rikottu | ei olisi rikottu | |
| imperative mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | riko | älä riko | 2nd sing. | ole rikkonut | älä ole rikkonut | |
| 3rd sing. | rikkokoon | älköön rikkoko | 3rd sing. | olkoon rikkonut | älköön olko rikkonut | |
| 1st plur. | rikkokaamme | älkäämme rikkoko | 1st plur. | olkaamme rikkoneet | älkäämme olko rikkoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | rikkokaa | älkää rikkoko | 2nd plur. | olkaa rikkoneet | älkää olko rikkoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | rikkokoot | älkööt rikkoko | 3rd plur. | olkoot rikkoneet | älkööt olko rikkoneet | |
| passive | rikottakoon | älköön rikottako | passive | olkoon rikottu | älköön olko rikottu | |
| potential mood | ||||||
| present | perfect | |||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | |
| 1st sing. | rikkonen | en rikkone | 1st sing. | lienen rikkonut | en liene rikkonut | |
| 2nd sing. | rikkonet | et rikkone | 2nd sing. | lienet rikkonut | et liene rikkonut | |
| 3rd sing. | rikkonee | ei rikkone | 3rd sing. | lienee rikkonut | ei liene rikkonut | |
| 1st plur. | rikkonemme | emme rikkone | 1st plur. | lienemme rikkoneet | emme liene rikkoneet | |
| 2nd plur. | rikkonette | ette rikkone | 2nd plur. | lienette rikkoneet | ette liene rikkoneet | |
| 3rd plur. | rikkonevat | eivät rikkone | 3rd plur. | lienevät rikkoneet | eivät liene rikkoneet | |
| passive | rikottaneen | ei rikottane | passive | lienee rikottu | ei liene rikottu | |
| Nominal forms | ||||||
| infinitives | participles | |||||
| active | passive | active | passive | |||
| 1st | rikkoa | present | rikkova | rikottava | ||
| long 1st2 | rikkoakseen | past | rikkonut | rikottu | ||
| 2nd | inessive1 | rikkoessa | rikottaessa | agent1, 3 | rikkoma | |
| instructive | rikkoen | — | negative | rikkomaton | ||
| 3rd | inessive | rikkomassa | — | 1) Usually with a possessive suffix. 2) Used only with a possessive suffix; this is the form for the third-person singular and third-person plural. | ||
| elative | rikkomasta | — | ||||
| illative | rikkomaan | — | ||||
| adessive | rikkomalla | — | ||||
| abessive | rikkomatta | — | ||||
| instructive | rikkoman | rikottaman | ||||
| 4th | nominative | rikkominen | ||||
| partitive | rikkomista | |||||
| 5th2 | rikkomaisillaan | |||||
Derived terms
- nouns: rike, rikko, rikkomus, rikos
- verbs: rikkoutua
Related terms
- adverbs: rikki
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈrikːoɑ/, [ˈrikːo̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ikːoɑ
- Syllabification(key): rik‧ko‧a
Noun
rikkoa
- partitive singular of rikko
Anagrams
- roikka, rokkia
Ingrian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rikkodak. Cognates include Finnish rikkoa and Estonian rikkuda.
Pronunciation
- (Ala-Laukaa) IPA(key): /ˈrikːoɑ/, [ˈrikːo̞]
- (Soikkola) IPA(key): /ˈrikːoɑ/, [ˈrikːo̞ɑ]
- Rhymes: -ikːoɑ
- Hyphenation: rik‧ko‧a
Verb
rikkoa
- (transitive) to break
- (transitive) to damage
Conjugation
| Conjugation of rikkoa (type 1/ampua, kk-k gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indikativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikon | en riko | 1st singular | oon rikkont, oon rikkonut | en oo rikkont, en oo rikkonut |
| 2nd singular | rikot | et riko | 2nd singular | oot rikkont, oot rikkonut | et oo rikkont, et oo rikkonut |
| 3rd singular | rikkoo | ei riko | 3rd singular | ono rikkont, ono rikkonut | ei oo rikkont, ei oo rikkonut |
| 1st plural | rikomma | emmä riko | 1st plural | oomma rikkonneet | emmä oo rikkonneet |
| 2nd plural | rikotta | että riko | 2nd plural | ootta rikkonneet | että oo rikkonneet |
| 3rd plural | rikkoot1), rikkovat2), rikotaa | evät riko | 3rd plural | ovat rikkonneet | evät oo rikkonneet |
| impersonal | rikotaa | ei rikota | impersonal | ono rikottu | ei oo rikottu |
| Imperfekta | Pluskvamperfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikoin | en rikkont, en rikkonut | 1st singular | olin rikkont, olin rikkonut | en olt rikkont, en olt rikkonut |
| 2nd singular | rikoit | et rikkont, et rikkonut | 2nd singular | olit rikkont, olit rikkonut | et olt rikkont, et olt rikkonut |
| 3rd singular | rikkoi | ei rikkont, ei rikkonut | 3rd singular | oli rikkont, oli rikkonut | ei olt rikkont, ei olt rikkonut |
| 1st plural | rikoimma | emmä rikkonneet | 1st plural | olimma rikkonneet | emmä olleet rikkonneet |
| 2nd plural | rikoitta | että rikkonneet | 2nd plural | olitta rikkonneet | että olleet rikkonneet |
| 3rd plural | rikkoit1), rikkoivat2), rikottii | evät rikkonneet | 3rd plural | olivat rikkonneet | evät olleet rikkonneet |
| impersonal | rikottii | ei rikottu | impersonal | oli rikottu | ei olt rikottu |
| Konditsionala | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikkoisin | en rikkois | 1st singular | olisin rikkont, olisin rikkonut | en olis rikkont, en olis rikkonut |
| 2nd singular | rikkoisit, rikkoist1) | et rikkois | 2nd singular | olisit rikkont, olisit rikkonut | et olis rikkont, et olis rikkonut |
| 3rd singular | rikkois | ei rikkois | 3rd singular | olis rikkont, olis rikkonut | ei olis rikkont, ei olis rikkonut |
| 1st plural | rikkoisimma | emmä rikkois | 1st plural | olisimma rikkonneet | emmä olis rikkonneet |
| 2nd plural | rikkoisitta | että rikkois | 2nd plural | olisitta rikkonneet | että olis rikkonneet |
| 3rd plural | rikkoisiit1), rikkoisivat2), rikottais | evät rikkois | 3rd plural | olisivat rikkonneet | evät olis rikkonneet |
| impersonal | rikottais | ei rikottais | impersonal | olis rikottu | ei olis rikottu |
| Imperativa | |||||
| Preesens | Perfekta | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | — | — | 1st singular | — | — |
| 2nd singular | riko | elä riko | 2nd singular | oo rikkont, oo rikkonut | elä oo rikkont, elä oo rikkonut |
| 3rd singular | rikkokoo | elköö rikkoko | 3rd singular | olkoo rikkont, olkoo rikkonut | elköö olko rikkont, elköö olko rikkonut |
| 1st plural | — | — | 1st plural | — | — |
| 2nd plural | rikkokaa | elkää rikkoko | 2nd plural | olkaa rikkonneet | elkää olko rikkonneet |
| 3rd plural | rikkokoot | elkööt rikkoko | 3rd plural | olkoot rikkonneet | elkööt olko rikkonneet |
| impersonal | rikottakkoo | elköö rikottako | impersonal | olkoo rikottu | elköö olko rikottu |
| Potentsiala | |||||
| Preesens | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | rikkonen | en rikkone | |||
| 2nd singular | rikkonet | et rikkone | |||
| 3rd singular | rikkonoo | ei rikkone | |||
| 1st plural | rikkonemma | emmä rikkone | |||
| 2nd plural | rikkonetta | että rikkone | |||
| 3rd plural | rikkonoot | evät rikkone | |||
| impersonal | rikottannoo | ei rikottane | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitivat | Partisipat | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | rikkoa | present | rikkova | rikottava | |
| 2nd | inessive | rikkojees | past | rikkont, rikkonut | rikottu |
| instructive | rikkoen | 1) Chiefly in the Soikkola dialect. 2) Chiefly in the Ala-Laukaa dialect. *) For the imperative, the 2nd plural (rikkokaa) may be used for the 3rd person as well. **) The interrogative is formed by adding the suffix -k (-ka?/-kä?) to the indicative, or -kse to the potential. ***) In folk poetry, a long first infinitive can be formed by adding the suffix -kse, followed by possessive suffixes, to the first infinitive. Note that sometimes gemination may be undone by this addition. | |||
| 3rd | illative | rikkomaa | |||
| inessive | rikkomaas | ||||
| elative | rikkomast | ||||
| abessive | rikkomata | ||||
| 4th | nominative | rikkomiin | |||
| partitive | rikkomista, rikkomist | ||||
Synonyms
- (to break): murtaa
References
- Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 478
Anagrams
- korkia
Votic
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *rikkodak.
Pronunciation
- (Luuditsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈrikːoɑ/, [ˈrikːoɑ]
- Rhymes: -ikːoɑ
- Hyphenation: rik‧koa
Verb
rikkoa
- (transitive) to break (into pieces)
- (transitive) to damage
- (transitive) to ruin, spoil
- (transitive) to hex, cast a spell on
- (transitive) to defile, deflower, violate, ravish, rape
Inflection
| Conjugation of rikkoa (type II-1/kuttsua, kk-k gradation) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikon | en riko | 1st singular | õõn rikkonnu | en õõ rikkonnu |
| 2nd singular | rikod | ed riko | 2nd singular | õõd rikkonnu | ed õõ rikkonnu |
| 3rd singular | rikob | eb riko | 3rd singular | on rikkonnu | eb õõ rikkonnu |
| 1st plural | rikommõ | emmä riko | 1st plural | öõmmõ rikkonnu | emmä õõ rikkonnu |
| 2nd plural | rikottõ | että riko | 2nd plural | õõttõ rikkonnu | että õõ rikkonnu |
| 3rd plural | rikota | eväd riko | 3rd plural | õlla rikottu | eväd õõ rikottu |
| impersonal | rikota | eväd riko | impersonal | õlla rikottu | eväd õõ rikottu |
| Imperfect | Pluperfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikkozin | en rikkonnu | 1st singular | õlin rikkonnu | — |
| 2nd singular | rikkozid | ed rikkonnu | 2nd singular | õlid rikkonnu | — |
| 3rd singular | rikko | eb rikkonnu | 3rd singular | õli rikkonnu | — |
| 1st plural | rikkozimmõ | emmä rikkonnu | 1st plural | õlimmõ rikkonnu | — |
| 2nd plural | rikkozittõ | että rikkonnu | 2nd plural | õlittõ rikkonnu | — |
| 3rd plural | rikotti | eväd rikottu | 3rd plural | õlti rikottu | — |
| impersonal | rikotti | eväd rikottu | impersonal | õlti rikottu | — |
| Conditional | |||||
| Present | Perfect | ||||
| positive | negative | positive | negative | ||
| 1st singular | rikkoizin | en rikkoizʹ | 1st singular | õllõizin rikkonnu | en õllõizʹ rikkonnu |
| 2nd singular | rikkoizid | ed rikkoizʹ | 2nd singular | õllõizid rikkonnu | ed õllõizʹ rikkonnu |
| 3rd singular | rikkoizʹ | eb rikkoizʹ | 3rd singular | õllõizʹ rikkonnu | eb õllõizʹ rikkonnu |
| 1st plural | rikkoizimmõ | emmä rikkoizʹ | 1st plural | õllõizimmõ rikkonnu | emmä õllõizʹ rikkonnu |
| 2nd plural | rikkoizittõ | että rikkoizʹ | 2nd plural | õllõizittõ rikkonnu | että õllõizʹ rikkonnu |
| 3rd plural | rikottaizʹ | eväd rikottaizʹ | 3rd plural | õltaizʹ rikottu | eväd õltaizʹ rikottu |
| impersonal | rikottaizʹ | eväd rikottaizʹ | impersonal | õltaizʹ rikottu | eväd õltaizʹ rikottu |
| Imperative | |||||
| Present | |||||
| positive | negative | ||||
| 1st singular | — | — | |||
| 2nd singular | riko | elä riko | |||
| 3rd singular | rikkogo | elko rikkogo | |||
| 1st plural | — | — | |||
| 2nd plural | rikkoga | elka rikkoga | |||
| 3rd plural | rikkogod | — | |||
| impersonal | — | — | |||
| Nominal forms | |||||
| Infinitives | Participles | ||||
| active | passive | ||||
| 1st | rikkoa | present | rikkojõ | — | |
| 2nd | illative | rikkoma | past | rikkonnu | rikottu |
| inessive | rikkomõz | ||||
| elative | rikkomassõ | ||||
| abessive | rikkomattõ | ||||
References
- V. Hallap, E. Adler, S. Grünberg, M. Leppik (2012), “rikkoa”, in Vadja keele sõnaraamat [A dictionary of the Votic language], 2 edition, Tallinn