rifler
English
Etymology
rifle + -er
Noun
rifler (plural riflers)
- One who rifles; a robber.
Anagrams
- ferril
Danish
Noun
rifler c
- indefinite plural of riffel
French
Etymology
From Old French rifler (“to scrape, scratch”), from Proto-West Germanic *rīfilōn via either Frankish *rīffilōn or Old High German riffilōn (“to tear by rubbing”), akin to rip, ripple. Compare Old English geriflian (“to wrinkle”), Old Norse rifa (“to tear, break”).
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
Verb
rifler
- (archaic) to flay
- (archaic) to rub
Conjugation
Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | rifler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | riflant /ʁi.flɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | riflé /ʁi.fle/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | rifle /ʁifl/ | rifles /ʁifl/ | rifle /ʁifl/ | riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/ | riflez /ʁi.fle/ | riflent /ʁifl/ |
| imperfect | riflais /ʁi.flɛ/ | riflais /ʁi.flɛ/ | riflait /ʁi.flɛ/ | riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/ | rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/ | riflaient /ʁi.flɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | riflai /ʁi.fle/ | riflas /ʁi.fla/ | rifla /ʁi.fla/ | riflâmes /ʁi.flam/ | riflâtes /ʁi.flat/ | riflèrent /ʁi.flɛʁ/ | |
| future | riflerai /ʁi.flə.ʁe/ | rifleras /ʁi.flə.ʁa/ | riflera /ʁi.flə.ʁa/ | riflerons /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/ | riflerez /ʁi.flə.ʁe/ | rifleront /ʁi.flə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ | riflerais /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ | riflerait /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ | riflerions /ʁi.flə.ʁjɔ̃/ | rifleriez /ʁi.flə.ʁje/ | rifleraient /ʁi.flə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | rifle /ʁifl/ | rifles /ʁifl/ | rifle /ʁifl/ | riflions /ʁi.fli.jɔ̃/ | rifliez /ʁi.fli.je/ | riflent /ʁifl/ |
| imperfect2 | riflasse /ʁi.flas/ | riflasses /ʁi.flas/ | riflât /ʁi.fla/ | riflassions /ʁi.fla.sjɔ̃/ | riflassiez /ʁi.fla.sje/ | riflassent /ʁi.flas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rifle /ʁifl/ | — | riflons /ʁi.flɔ̃/ | riflez /ʁi.fle/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- rifler la mort
Further reading
- “rifler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Norwegian Bokmål
Noun
rifler m or f
- indefinite plural of rifle
Norwegian Nynorsk
Noun
rifler f
- indefinite plural of rifle
Old French
Alternative forms
- riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler
Etymology
Borrowed from Frankish *rīffilōn (“to scrape, scratch, tear”), from Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”). Alternatively borrowed from Old High German riffilōn of the same origin.
Verb
rifler
- to scrape off, tear off, flay
- to plane, shave
- to plunder, despoil
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of rifler (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | rifler | avoir riflé | |||||
| gerund | en riflant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | riflant | ||||||
| past participle | riflé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | rifle | rifles | rifle | riflons | riflez | riflent |
| imperfect | rifloie, rifleie, rifloe, rifleve | rifloies, rifleies, rifloes, rifleves | rifloit, rifleit, riflot, rifleve | rifliiens, rifliens | rifliiez, rifliez | rifloient, rifleient, rifloent, riflevent | |
| preterite | riflai | riflas | rifla | riflames | riflastes | riflerent | |
| future | riflerai | rifleras | riflera | riflerons | rifleroiz, riflereiz, riflerez | rifleront | |
| conditional | rifleroie, riflereie | rifleroies, riflereies | rifleroit, riflereit | rifleriiens, rifleriens | rifleriiez, rifleriez | rifleroient, riflereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | rifle | rifles | rifle | riflons | riflez | riflent |
| imperfect | riflasse | riflasses | riflast | riflissons, riflissiens | riflissoiz, riflissez, riflissiez | riflassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | rifle | — | riflons | riflez | — | ||
Descendants
- Middle French: rifler, riffler
- French: rifler (archaic)
- ⇒ Middle French: rafler (“take violently, abruptly remove”) (chiefly game term)
- French: rafler (informal)
- Picard: rafleu (Athois)
- ⇒ Middle French: arafler, arifler (“to scratch, scrape”)
- → Middle English: riflen, ryflen
- English: rifle
- ⇒ Old French: *rifle, rufle (“plundering, robbing”)
- ⇒ Old French: rafle, raffle (“dice game”) [from late 14th c.]
- Middle French: rafle
- French: rafle
- → German: Raffel
- → Swedish: raffel
- → Dutch: rafel (archaic)
- French: rafle
- Picard: râfle (Athois)
- → Middle English: rafle, raful
- English: raffle
- → New Latin: raffla
- Middle French: rafle
- ⇒ Old French: rafle, raffle (“dice game”) [from late 14th c.]