ri

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ri"

English

Etymology

From the McCune-Reischauer romanization of Korean 리 (ri), from Mandarin Chinese 里 (lǐ).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɹiː/
Rhymes: -iː

Noun

ri (plural ris or li)

(Units of measure) Synonym of li as a Korean unit of distance equivalent to about 393 m.
(music) The solfeggio syllable used to indicate the sharp of the second note of a major scale, enharmonic to me.

Anagrams

IR, Ir., ir-

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *(h)erija - this time, from this time, presently, now > new, recent, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r̥wo-, zero-grade of *h₁orwo- (compare Old English earu (“quick”), Tocharian B ārwer (“ready”), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬀‎ (a^uruua, “quick, brave”)).according to Matasovic, the etymology is controversial and has no accepted source or from substrate [1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾi]

Adjective

i ri m (feminine e re, masculine plural të rinj, feminine plural të reja)

young
një vajzë e re
a young girl
new
filma të rinj
new movies

References

Matasevic, R. (2019). A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar.

Anguthimri

Noun

ri

(Mpakwithi) excrement

References

Terry Crowley, The Mpakwithi dialect of Anguthimri (1981), page 188

Dalmatian

Alternative forms

rau

Etymology

From Latin reus. Compare Italian rio, Romanian rău.

Adjective

ri (feminine raja)

bad

Danish

Etymology

From Middle Low German rigen (“to put in folds”), from or related to Old Saxon rekkian (“to extend”). Distantly related to Old Norse rekja (“to unfold, unwind”), hence a doublet of række (“to reach”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /riː/, [ʁiːˀ]

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present rir or rier, past riede, past participle riet)

baste, tack (to sew with wide stitches to temporarily fasten pieces of cloth)

Derived terms

rining

Esperanto

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ri]
Audio:
(file)
Hyphenation: ri

Pronoun

ri (accusative rin, possessive ria)

(gender-neutral, nonstandard) they (singular). A gender-neutral singular third-person personal pronoun.
- 1997, Liland Brajant ROS', “Pri Sennaciistaj postulatoj”, in soc.culture.esperanto, Usenet‎:
  Kial gravas, kiu ri estas?
  Why is it important, who they are?
- 2006, “Maldormemo mia”, in Eksenlime, performed by La Perdita Generacio:
  Najbaro laboranta en la sama laborejo / En la bela domo ri ne pentras plu
  A neighbor working in the same workplace / In the beautiful house they don't paint anymore
- 2014, Roland Bonkorpa, “Fiinsulo”, in Beletra Almanako, number 21, New York, N.Y.: Mondial, →ISBN, ISSN 1937-3325, OCLC 156908050, page 32:
  Ri estis la plej pacienca kaj inteligenta hundo, kiun mi iam renkontis.
  They were the most patient and intelligent dog I had ever met.

Usage notes

In 1976, the gender-neutral pronoun ri was presented for the first time alongside the pronouns li (he) and ŝi (she). Until about 2010, it remained a seldom used experimental word, but after 2010 its use has increased significantly, especially in youth circles in Western countries. Comparable to English epicene pronouns. Also read about gender reform in Esperanto. Alternatives include expanding the use of the demonstrative pronoun tiu (“that one”) or using the similarly proscribed ŝli.

Synonyms

(neologism, proscribed) ŝli

Holonyms

li (“he”)
ŝi (“she”)

Derived terms

riismo (“ri-ism”)

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʁi/
Audio (Paris) (file)

Participle

ri (feminine rie, masculine plural ris, feminine plural ries)

past participle of rire

Guinea-Bissau Creole

Etymology

From Portuguese rir. Cognate with Kabuverdianu ri.

Verb

ri

to laugh

Hausa

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rìː/
- (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA^(key): [rìː]

Ideophone

r̆ī̀

people or animals moving as a group

Igbo

Pronunciation

(inherent tone): IPA^(key): /rí/

Verb

rí

to eat, to absorb.
Ha na-eri nri.
They are eating food.
- 2019, Bịabụlụ Nsọ nʼIgbo Ndị Ugbu a, Biblica Inc., Luke 24:43:
  O we nara ya, rie n'iru ha.
  He then took it and ate it in front of them.
to acquire.

Italian

Adjective

ri m

masculine plural of rio

Anagrams

ir-

Japanese

Romanization

ri

Rōmaji transcription of り
Rōmaji transcription of リ

Javanese

Romanization

ri

Romanization of ꦫꦶ

Kabuverdianu

Etymology

From Portuguese rir.

Verb

ri

to laugh

Lashi

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɹi/

Particle

ri

Turns the preceding word into an accusative.

References

Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Makasar

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ri]

Preposition

ri (Lontara spelling ᨑᨗ)

general preposition (in, at, to etc.)

Mandarin

Romanization

ri

Nonstandard spelling of rì.

Usage notes

English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Nabi

Noun

ri

woman

References

transnewguinea.org, citing D. C. Laycock, Languages of the Lumi Subdistrict (West Sepik District), New Guinea (1968), Oceanic Linguistics, 7 (1): 36-66

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

ride

Etymology

From Old Norse ríða.

Verb

ri (imperative ri, present tense rir, simple past red or rei, past participle ridd, present participle riende)

to ride (an animal, e.g. a horse)

References

“ri” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /riː/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hríð.

Alternative forms

rid (non-standard since 1938)

Noun

ri f (definite singular ria, indefinite plural rier, definite plural riene)

attack, sudden pain or mood
a short while
period with harsh weather

Derived terms

angstri
frostri
føderi
hosteri
uvêrsri

Etymology 2

From Old Norse ríða, from Proto-Germanic *rīdaną.

Alternative forms

rida, ride

Verb

ri (present tense rir, past tense rei, past participle ridd or ridt or ride, present participle ridande, imperative ri)

to ride (an animal)

Related terms

reia, reie

References

“ri” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Anagrams

ir

Old Javanese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ri/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *duʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *duʀi

Noun

ri

thorn
thorny plant

Alternative forms

rwi
hri, ĕri

Descendants

Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *di, from Proto-Austronesian *di. Compare Makasar ri (ᨑᨗ).

Particle

ri

prepositional particle

Alternative forms

i

Derived terms

iṅ
riṅ

Descendants

Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)

Portuguese

Pronunciation

(Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈʁi/ [ˈhi]
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /ˈʁi/ [ˈχi]

(Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈʁi/

Rhymes: -i

Verb

ri

inflection of rir:
1. third-person singular present indicative
2. first-person singular preterite indicative
3. second-person singular imperative

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish fri, from Old Irish fri. Cognates include Irish fré and Manx rish.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɾʲi]

Preposition

ri (+ dative)

with, to
against
ris a' ghaoith ― against the wind
up
Chaidh iad ris an leathad. ― They went up the hillside.
as (with cho)
Tha Seòras cho righinnri ròn. ― George is as tough as nails.
(literally "George is as tough as a seal.")

Usage notes

This form is used before nouns without the definite article; before the definite article the form ris is used:
ri cat ― with a cat
ris a' chat ― with the cat
Used before a noun or a verbal noun to mean up to or involved in:
Bha a' chlann sin ri mì-mhodh. ― Those children were up to no good.
Bha i an urra ris an losgadh anns a' Chròthais beagan bhliadhnachan an dèidh cogadh Iugoslabhach. ― She was responsible for the shooting in Croatia a few years after the Yugoslav War.
In the Lewis dialect, ri is used instead of ag or a' before a verbal noun to form present participles:
Tha mi ri seinn. ― I am singing. (As opposed to Tha mi a' seinn, which has the same meaning.)
Followed by a prepositional pronoun takes a passive voice meaning:
Tha na h-eòin tarraingeach rin amharc. ― The birds are attractive to watch. (literally "to their watching")

Inflection

Personal inflection of ri
Number	Person	Simple	Emphatic
Singular	1st	rium	riumsa
	2nd	riut	riutsa
	3rd m	ris	ris-san
	3rd f	rithe	rithese
Plural	1st	r(u)inn	r(u)inne
	2nd	r(u)ibh	r(u)ibhse
	3rd	riutha	riuthasan

Derived terms

cho math ri sin
còmhla ri
ris an t-sruth

Sumerian

Romanization

ri

Romanization of 𒊑 (ri)

Tunica

Noun

ri

house, home, dwelling
building
nest, room

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

(Hà Nội) IPA^(key): [zi˧˧]
(Huế) IPA^(key): [ʐɪj˧˧]
(Hồ Chí Minh City) IPA^(key): [ɹɪj˧˧]

Adverb

ri

(Central Vietnam) like this

Welsh

Noun

ri

Soft mutation of rhi.

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
rhi	ri	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Yoruba

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾí/

Noun

rí

The name of the Latin-script letter R.

Etymology 2

Proposed to derive from Proto-Yoruboid *lí, cognate with Igala lí

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾí/

Verb

rí

(transitive) to see
(intransitive) to look like

Derived terms

ríran

Pronunciation

(low-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾì/
(mid-tone): IPA^(key): /ɾī/

Verb

rì

(intransitive) to sink, to drown
(transitive) to sink

Verb

ri

Alternative form of rì (“to sink”) used before object nouns

Zazaki

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈɾi]
Hyphenation: ri

Noun

ri m

face

[1] Matasevic, R. (2019). A grammatical sketch of Albanian for students of Indo-European. Zadar.