retorcer
Spanish
Etymology
From re- + torcer, or from Vulgar Latin *retorcēre, from Latin retorqueo, retorquēre. Cognate with English retort.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Spain) /retoɾˈθeɾ/ [re.t̪oɾˈθeɾ]
- IPA(key): (Latin America) /retoɾˈseɾ/ [re.t̪oɾˈseɾ]
- Rhymes: -eɾ
- Syllabification: re‧tor‧cer
Verb
retorcer (first-person singular present retuerzo, first-person singular preterite retorcí, past participle retorcido)
- to wring
- to squirm, wriggle, writhe
- to twist
Conjugation
Conjugation of retorcer (o-ue alternation; c-z alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive | retorcer | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gerund | retorciendo | ||||||
past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
singular | retorcido | retorcida | |||||
plural | retorcidos | retorcidas | |||||
singular | plural | ||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | retuerzo | retuercestú retorcésvos | retuerce | retorcemos | retorcéis | retuercen | |
imperfect | retorcía | retorcías | retorcía | retorcíamos | retorcíais | retorcían | |
preterite | retorcí | retorciste | retorció | retorcimos | retorcisteis | retorcieron | |
future | retorceré | retorcerás | retorcerá | retorceremos | retorceréis | retorcerán | |
conditional | retorcería | retorcerías | retorcería | retorceríamos | retorceríais | retorcerían | |
subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
present | retuerza | retuerzastú retorzásvos2 | retuerza | retorzamos | retorzáis | retuerzan | |
imperfect (ra) | retorciera | retorcieras | retorciera | retorciéramos | retorcierais | retorcieran | |
imperfect (se) | retorciese | retorcieses | retorciese | retorciésemos | retorcieseis | retorciesen | |
future1 | retorciere | retorcieres | retorciere | retorciéremos | retorciereis | retorcieren | |
imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
affirmative | retuercetú retorcévos | retuerza | retorzamos | retorced | retuerzan | ||
negative | no retuerzas | no retuerza | no retorzamos | no retorzáis | no retuerzan |
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of retorcer (o-ue alternation; c-z alternation)
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
with infinitive retorcer | |||||||
dative | retorcerme | retorcerte | retorcerle, retorcerse | retorcernos | retorceros | retorcerles, retorcerse | |
accusative | retorcerme | retorcerte | retorcerlo, retorcerla, retorcerse | retorcernos | retorceros | retorcerlos, retorcerlas, retorcerse | |
with gerund retorciendo | |||||||
dative | retorciéndome | retorciéndote | retorciéndole, retorciéndose | retorciéndonos | retorciéndoos | retorciéndoles, retorciéndose | |
accusative | retorciéndome | retorciéndote | retorciéndolo, retorciéndola, retorciéndose | retorciéndonos | retorciéndoos | retorciéndolos, retorciéndolas, retorciéndose | |
with informal second-person singular tú imperative retuerce | |||||||
dative | retuérceme | retuércete | retuércele | retuércenos | not used | retuérceles | |
accusative | retuérceme | retuércete | retuércelo, retuércela | retuércenos | not used | retuércelos, retuércelas | |
with informal second-person singular vos imperative retorcé | |||||||
dative | retorceme | retorcete | retorcele | retorcenos | not used | retorceles | |
accusative | retorceme | retorcete | retorcelo, retorcela | retorcenos | not used | retorcelos, retorcelas | |
with formal second-person singular imperative retuerza | |||||||
dative | retuérzame | not used | retuérzale, retuérzase | retuérzanos | not used | retuérzales | |
accusative | retuérzame | not used | retuérzalo, retuérzala, retuérzase | retuérzanos | not used | retuérzalos, retuérzalas | |
with first-person plural imperative retorzamos | |||||||
dative | not used | retorzámoste | retorzámosle | retorzámonos | retorzámoos | retorzámosles | |
accusative | not used | retorzámoste | retorzámoslo, retorzámosla | retorzámonos | retorzámoos | retorzámoslos, retorzámoslas | |
with informal second-person plural imperative retorced | |||||||
dative | retorcedme | not used | retorcedle | retorcednos | retorceos | retorcedles | |
accusative | retorcedme | not used | retorcedlo, retorcedla | retorcednos | retorceos | retorcedlos, retorcedlas | |
with formal second-person plural imperative retuerzan | |||||||
dative | retuérzanme | not used | retuérzanle | retuérzannos | not used | retuérzanles, retuérzanse | |
accusative | retuérzanme | not used | retuérzanlo, retuérzanla | retuérzannos | not used | retuérzanlos, retuérzanlas, retuérzanse |
Derived terms
- retorcedura
- retorcido
- retorcimiento
Further reading
- “retorcer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014