retarder
English
Etymology
retard + -er
Noun
retarder (plural retarders)
- Something which retards or slows.
- Synonyms: bottleneck, inhibitor, retardant, limiter
- Antonyms: accelerant, promoter, quickener
- The substance acted as a retarder to the chemical reaction because it radically changed the pH.
- 1999, Dale Crane, Fast-Track Test Guides for Aviation Maintenance: Airframe (page 147)
- Why is retarder used in dope when the dope is being sprayed in humid conditions? The retarder slows the drying of the dope and keeps it from blushing.
- (mechanical engineering) A device for slowing down large trucks, lorries, buses, shunted railway wagons.
- 1961 April, G. Freeman Allen, “The "Rheingold" goes via Cologne”, in Trains Illustrated, page 237:
- [...] unlike the latest British yards, Gremberg has only primary retarders, manually operated, a method that the hump operators apparently prefer to electro-pneumatic control because they can grade the braking pressure more accurately by feel.
- (baking) A refrigerator used to slow down proofing of yeast when making dough.
Further reading
Retarder (chemistry) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia - Retarder (mechanical engineering) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
- Retarder (railroad) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
Anagrams
- retarred
French
Etymology
From Latin retardāre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁə.taʁ.de/
- Homophones: retardai, retardé, retardée, retardées, retardés, retardez
audio (file)
Verb
retarder
- to retard, slow down
- Sa bêtise nous a énormément retardé. ― His stupidity greatly slowed us down.
- to postpone, put back
Conjugation
Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | retarder | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | retardant /ʁə.taʁ.dɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | retardé /ʁə.taʁ.de/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ | retardes /ʁə.taʁd/ | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ | retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/ | retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/ | retardent /ʁə.taʁd/ |
| imperfect | retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ | retardais /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ | retardait /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ | retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/ | retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/ | retardaient /ʁə.taʁ.dɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | retardai /ʁə.taʁ.de/ | retardas /ʁə.taʁ.da/ | retarda /ʁə.taʁ.da/ | retardâmes /ʁə.taʁ.dam/ | retardâtes /ʁə.taʁ.dat/ | retardèrent /ʁə.taʁ.dɛʁ/ | |
| future | retarderai /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/ | retarderas /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/ | retardera /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁa/ | retarderons /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ | retarderez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁe/ | retarderont /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | retarderais /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | retarderait /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | retarderions /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁjɔ̃/ | retarderiez /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁje/ | retarderaient /ʁə.taʁ.də.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ | retardes /ʁə.taʁd/ | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ | retardions /ʁə.taʁ.djɔ̃/ | retardiez /ʁə.taʁ.dje/ | retardent /ʁə.taʁd/ |
| imperfect2 | retardasse /ʁə.taʁ.das/ | retardasses /ʁə.taʁ.das/ | retardât /ʁə.taʁ.da/ | retardassions /ʁə.taʁ.da.sjɔ̃/ | retardassiez /ʁə.taʁ.da.sje/ | retardassent /ʁə.taʁ.das/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | retarde /ʁə.taʁd/ | — | retardons /ʁə.taʁ.dɔ̃/ | retardez /ʁə.taʁ.de/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- retardataire
- retardateur
- retardé
- retardement
Further reading
- “retarder”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin
Verb
retarder
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of retardō
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /rəˈtɑːrər/
Audio (file) - Rhymes: -ər
- Hyphenation: re‧tard‧er
Noun
retarder m
- indefinite plural of retard
Anagrams
- traderer
Old French
Etymology
Borrowed from Latin retardō.
Verb
retarder
- (transitive) to retard; to delay; to make late
- li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18
- The aforementioned payment by the same occasion has again been delayed
- li qel paiement par la dite encheson ad esté uncore retardez, Bretigny 28.18
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of retarder (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | retarder | avoir retardé | |||||
| gerund | en retardant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | retardant | ||||||
| past participle | retardé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | retart | retardes | retarde | retardons | retardez | retardent |
| imperfect | retardoie, retardeie, retardoe, retardeve | retardoies, retardeies, retardoes, retardeves | retardoit, retardeit, retardot, retardeve | retardiiens, retardiens | retardiiez, retardiez | retardoient, retardeient, retardoent, retardevent | |
| preterite | retardai | retardas | retarda | retardames | retardastes | retarderent | |
| future | retarderai | retarderas | retardera | retarderons | retarderoiz, retardereiz, retarderez | retarderont | |
| conditional | retarderoie, retardereie | retarderoies, retardereies | retarderoit, retardereit | retarderiiens, retarderiens | retarderiiez, retarderiez | retarderoient, retardereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | retart | retarz | retart | retardons | retardez | retardent |
| imperfect | retardasse | retardasses | retardast | retardissons, retardissiens | retardissoiz, retardissez, retardissiez | retardassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | retarde | — | retardons | retardez | — | ||
Descendants
- → English: retard
- French: retarder
- Norman: r'tèrgi