arkls
Latvian
Arkls
Alternative forms
- (archaic form) arklis
Etymology
Cognate to Lithuanian arklas. From Proto-Baltic *arklas, masculine counterpart of an earlier *arkla, from *árˀtla, from *artra, from Proto-Indo-European (< *h₂érh₃trom, from *h₂erh₃- (“to plow”) — whence also the verb art, q.v. —, ultimately from *h₁er- “sparse; to crumble, to fall to pieces,” with an instrumental suffix *-trom). Cognates include Old Irish arathar, Middle High German arl, Ancient Greek ἄροτρον (árotron), Latin arātrum. (A separate meaning of "land measure" comes from an earlier variant arklis, originally (13th century) the amount of land that could be plowed with one horse and one plow, later on much more than that; by the late 18th century, arkls and arklis had merged back into one word.)[1]
Pronunciation
| (file) |
Noun
arkls m (1st declension)
- plow (device pulled through the ground to break it open into furrows for planting)
- vispārējas nozīmes arkls ― general-purpose plow
- divlemešu, pieclemešu arkls ― two-share, five-share plow
- zirgvilkmes arkls ― horse-drawn plow
- traktorvilkmes, traktora arkls ― tractor plow
- iejūgt zirgu arklā ― to harness the horse to (lit. in) the plow
- iet aiz arkla ― to go behind the plow (= to plow)
- likt pie arkla ― to put (someone) at the plow (= to make him/her plow)
- sniega arkls ― snowplow (device for removing snow)
- machine for land amelioration work
- grāvju arkls ― backhoe (lit. ditch plow)
- (historical, feudalism) in feudal times, a measure of land
- viena arkla saimniecība ― a one arkls farm
- arklu revīzija ― (in feudal times) the verification of the area and value of land in farms and estates (for taxation purposes)
Declension
Declension of arkls (1st declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | arkls | arkli |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | arklu | arklus |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | arkla | arklu |
| dative (datīvs) | arklam | arkliem |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | arklu | arkliem |
| locative (lokatīvs) | arklā | arklos |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | arkl | arkli |
Derived terms
- sniega arkls
See also
- arājs
- art, arums
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “art”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN