renâcler
French
Etymology
Variant (influenced by renifler) of Middle French renaquer, from naquer, from Old French naquier (“sniff”), nascïer (“talk through the nose”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁə.na.kle/, /ʁə.nɑ.kle/
Audio (file)
Verb
renâcler
- (intransitive) to display fear, anger or reluctance by snorting (of animals, especially horses)
- Synonym: renifler
- Devant l'obstacle, le cheval s'arrêta net en renâclant.
- In front of the obstacle, the horse stopped dead in its tracks with a snort.
- (intransitive, figuratively) to display reluctance
- Synonym: rechigner
- Il prit le balais et la serpillière et s'activa à la tâche, non sans avoir renâclé bruyamment.
- (please add an English translation of this usage example)
- 2015 April 16, Maurice Szafran, “Pourquoi le nouveau nom de l'UMP suscite l'indignation”, in Challenges:
- Au sein de (l'ex) UMP, l'accueil, hormis au sein du premier cercle sarkozyste, n'est guère enthousiaste à l'annonce de ce nouveau nom. Les proches d'Alain Juppé et de François Fillon renâclent, même s'ils n'osent pas l'exprimer haut et fort.
- (please add an English translation of this quote)
Conjugation
Conjugation of renâcler (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | renâcler | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | renâclant /ʁə.na.klɑ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | renâclé /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâcles /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâclons /ʁə.na.klɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɔ̃/ | renâclez /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/ | renâclent /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ |
| imperfect | renâclais /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/ | renâclais /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/ | renâclait /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/ | renâclions /ʁə.na.kli.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.jɔ̃/ | renâcliez /ʁə.na.kli.je/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.je/ | renâclaient /ʁə.na.klɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | renâclai /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/ | renâclas /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/ | renâcla /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/ | renâclâmes /ʁə.na.klam/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klam/ | renâclâtes /ʁə.na.klat/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klat/ | renâclèrent /ʁə.na.klɛʁ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɛʁ/ | |
| future | renâclerai /ʁə.na.klə.ʁe/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁe/ | renâcleras /ʁə.na.klə.ʁa/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁa/ | renâclera /ʁə.na.klə.ʁa/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁa/ | renâclerons /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɔ̃/ | renâclerez /ʁə.na.klə.ʁe/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁe/ | renâcleront /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | renâclerais /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/ | renâclerais /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/ | renâclerait /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/ | renâclerions /ʁə.na.klə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁjɔ̃/ | renâcleriez /ʁə.na.klə.ʁje/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁje/ | renâcleraient /ʁə.na.klə.ʁɛ/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâcles /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | renâclions /ʁə.na.kli.jɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.jɔ̃/ | renâcliez /ʁə.na.kli.je/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kli.je/ | renâclent /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ |
| imperfect2 | renâclasse /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/ | renâclasses /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/ | renâclât /ʁə.na.kla/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla/ | renâclassions /ʁə.na.kla.sjɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla.sjɔ̃/ | renâclassiez /ʁə.na.kla.sje/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kla.sje/ | renâclassent /ʁə.na.klas/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | renâcle /ʁə.nakl/ or /ʁə.nɑkl/ | — | renâclons /ʁə.na.klɔ̃/ or /ʁə.nɑ.klɔ̃/ | renâclez /ʁə.na.kle/ or /ʁə.nɑ.kle/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “renâcler”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
- relancer