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单词 rein
释义

rein

See also: Rein, reiñ, rein-, and reign

English

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ɹeɪn/
  • Rhymes: -eɪn
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Homophones: rain, reign

Etymology 1

From Middle English rein, reyne, borrowed from Anglo-Norman reyne, resne, from early Medieval Latin retina, ultimately from Classical Latin retineō (“hold back”), from re- + teneō (“keep, hold”). Compare modern French rêne.

Displaced native Old English ġewealdleþer (literally “control leather”).

Noun

rein (plural reins)

  1. A strap or rope attached to a bridle or bit, used to control a horse, animal or young child.
  2. (figurative) An instrument or means of curbing, restraining, or governing.
    • 1667, John Milton, “Book X”, in Paradise Lost. […], London: […] [Samuel Simmons], […], OCLC 228722708; republished as Paradise Lost in Ten Books: […], London: Basil Montagu Pickering […], 1873, OCLC 230729554:
      Let their eyes rove without rein.
Derived terms
  • free rein
  • keep a tight rein on
  • take the reins
Translations

Verb

rein (third-person singular simple present reins, present participle reining, simple past and past participle reined)

  1. (transitive) To direct or stop a horse by using reins.
    • [1611?], Homer, “(please specify |book=I to XXIV)”, in Geo[rge] Chapman, transl., The Iliads of Homer Prince of Poets. […], London: […] Nathaniell Butter, OCLC 614803194; The Iliads of Homer, Prince of Poets, […], volume (please specify the book number), new edition, London: Charles Knight and Co., […], 1843, OCLC 987451361:
      He mounts and reins his horse.
  2. (transitive) To restrain; to control; to check.
    • c. 1608–1609 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Coriolanus”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, OCLC 606515358, [Act III, scene iii]:
      Being once chafed, he cannot / Be reined again to temperance.
    • 2001, Jonathan Franzen, The Corrections
      After an interval that he judged to have lasted twenty minutes, the bed began to shake with poorly reined sobs.
  3. (intransitive) To obey directions given with the reins.
    • 2011, Marie Claire Peck, Rocking Horse Ranch (page 40)
      She worked each horse at a walk, trot, and then a canter. The horses reined well and executed stops quickly.
Derived terms
  • rein in
Derived terms
  • draw rein
  • free rein
  • hand over the reins
  • hold the reins
  • keep a tight rein on
  • rein back
  • rein in
  • rein up
  • take the reins
Translations
The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

From Anglo-Norman reines, Middle French reins, and their source, Latin rēnēs. Doublet of ren.

Noun

rein (plural reins)

  1. (now rare, archaic, chiefly in plural) A kidney.
    • 1603, Michel de Montaigne, chapter 12, in John Florio, transl., The Essayes […], book II, London: […] Val[entine] Simmes for Edward Blount […], OCLC 946730821:
      a man subject to these like imaginations […] hath often the stone imaginarily, before he have it in his reines […].
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Lamentations 3:13:
      He hath caused the arrows of his quiver to enter into my reins.
  2. The inward impulses; the affections and passions, formerly supposed to be located in the area of the kidneys.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Proverbs 23:16:
      My reins rejoice, when thy lips speak right things.
    • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Revelation 2:23:
      I am he which searcheth the reins and hearts.

Anagrams

  • Erin, N.Ire., Rine, in re, rine

Bavarian

Noun

rein

  1. (Timau) rain

References

  • Umberto Patuzzi, ed., (2013) Ünsarne Börtar, Luserna: Comitato unitario delle linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien.

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch reine, from Old Dutch reini, from Proto-West Germanic *hrainī, from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rɛi̯n/
  • Audio(file)

Adjective

rein (comparative reiner, superlative reinst)

  1. (formal) clean, spotless
  2. (Netherlands) pure, sheer

Inflection

Inflection of rein
uninflectedrein
inflectedreine
comparativereiner
positivecomparativesuperlative
predicative/adverbialreinreinerhet reinst
het reinste
indefinitem./f. sing.reinereinerereinste
n. sing.reinreinerreinste
pluralreinereinerereinste
definitereinereinerereinste
partitivereinsreiners—

Derived terms

  • onrein

Descendants

  • Negerhollands: rein

Anagrams

  • erin, nier

Finnish

Noun

rein

  1. instructive plural of reki

Anagrams

  • Erin, erin

French

Etymology

From Middle French rein, from Old French rein, from the plural reins, from Latin rēnes < rēn, from Proto-Italic *hrēn, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰren- (“an internal part of the body”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʁɛ̃/
  • audio(file)

Noun

rein m (plural reins)

  1. (anatomy) kidney
  2. (in the plural) small of the back, waist

Derived terms

  • garde des reins
  • tour de reins
  • rénal
  • rognon

Further reading

  • “rein”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Anagrams

  • nier, rien

German

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ʁaɪn/
  • Rhymes: -aɪ̯n
  • Homophone: Rhein

Etymology 1

From Middle High German reine, from Old High German reini, from Proto-West Germanic *hrainī, from Proto-Germanic *hrainiz, from Proto-Indo-European *króy-n-is, from *krey- (“divide, sift”). Cognate with Old Saxon hreni, (Low German ren), Dutch rein, Old Norse hreinn (Swedish ren), Ancient Greek κρῑ́νω (krī́nō, “separate, decide, judge”), Old Irish criathar, English riddle (“sieve”).

Adjective

rein (strong nominative masculine singular reiner, comparative reiner, superlative am reinsten)

  1. pure, clear, plain
    • 2010, Der Spiegel, issue 24/2010, page 131:
      Natürlich ist eine Weltmeisterschaft kein reines Sportevent mehr, sie ist sicher auch ein bisschen Welt- und Entwicklungspolitik.
      Of course, a world championship is no longer a pure sports event, it surely is also a bit of world and development politics.
Declension
Positive forms of rein
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist reinsie ist reines ist reinsie sind rein
strong declension
(without article)		nominativereinerreinereinesreine
genitivereinenreinerreinenreiner
dativereinemreinerreinemreinen
accusativereinenreinereinesreine
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder reinedie reinedas reinedie reinen
genitivedes reinender reinendes reinender reinen
dativedem reinender reinendem reinenden reinen
accusativeden reinendie reinedas reinedie reinen
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein reinereine reineein reines(keine) reinen
genitiveeines reineneiner reineneines reinen(keiner) reinen
dativeeinem reineneiner reineneinem reinen(keinen) reinen
accusativeeinen reineneine reineein reines(keine) reinen
Comparative forms of rein
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist reinersie ist reineres ist reinersie sind reiner
strong declension
(without article)		nominativereinererreinerereineresreinere
genitivereinerenreinererreinerenreinerer
dativereineremreinererreineremreineren
accusativereinerenreinerereineresreinere
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder reineredie reineredas reineredie reineren
genitivedes reinerender reinerendes reinerender reineren
dativedem reinerender reinerendem reinerenden reineren
accusativeden reinerendie reineredas reineredie reineren
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein reinerereine reinereein reineres(keine) reineren
genitiveeines reinereneiner reinereneines reineren(keiner) reineren
dativeeinem reinereneiner reinereneinem reineren(keinen) reineren
accusativeeinen reinereneine reinereein reineres(keine) reineren
Superlative forms of rein
number & gendersingularplural
masculinefeminineneuterall genders
predicativeer ist am reinstensie ist am reinstenes ist am reinstensie sind am reinsten
strong declension
(without article)		nominativereinsterreinstereinstesreinste
genitivereinstenreinsterreinstenreinster
dativereinstemreinsterreinstemreinsten
accusativereinstenreinstereinstesreinste
weak declension
(with definite article)		nominativeder reinstedie reinstedas reinstedie reinsten
genitivedes reinstender reinstendes reinstender reinsten
dativedem reinstender reinstendem reinstenden reinsten
accusativeden reinstendie reinstedas reinstedie reinsten
mixed declension
(with indefinite article)		nominativeein reinstereine reinsteein reinstes(keine) reinsten
genitiveeines reinsteneiner reinsteneines reinsten(keiner) reinsten
dativeeinem reinsteneiner reinsteneinem reinsten(keinen) reinsten
accusativeeinen reinsteneine reinsteein reinstes(keine) reinsten

Adverb

rein

  1. purely
    Unsere Beziehung ist rein platonisch.
    Our relationship is purely platonic.
  • reinigen

Etymology 2

Contraction of herein (“in here”), or hinein (“in there”).

Adverb

rein

  1. (colloquial) inside, in here
    Er kommt jetzt rein. ― He's coming inside now.
  2. (colloquial) inside, in there
    Er geht rein zu den andern. ― He's going inside to the other people.
Usage notes

The standard language distinguishes the meanings of hinein (“in there: away from the speaker”) and herein (“in here: towards the speaker”). Rein is used for both meanings.

Synonyms
  • herein
  • hinein
  • hinaus
  • heraus
  • raus

Further reading

  • “rein” in Duden online
  • “rein” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
  • Friedrich Kluge (1883), “rein”, in , John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse rein, reina, from Proto-Germanic *rainō. Cognate with English rean, German Rain.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈreiːn/
  • Rhymes: -eiːn

Noun

rein f (genitive singular reinar, nominative plural reinar)

  1. strip (of land)

Declension

declension of rein
f-s1singularplural
indefinitedefiniteindefinitedefinite
nominativereinreininreinarreinarnar
accusativereinreininareinarreinarnar
dativereinreininnireinumreinunum
genitivereinarreinarinnarreinareinanna

Derived terms

  • aðrein
  • akrein
  • frárein

Manx

Etymology

From Old Irish rígan (“queen”), from Proto-Celtic *rīganī. Cognate to Irish ríon, Scottish Gaelic rìghinn, rìbhinn, Welsh rhiain.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /reːn/

Noun

rein f (genitive singular [please provide], plural [please provide])

  1. queen, regina
    Synonym: benrein

Derived terms

  • benrein

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French rein.

Noun

rein m (plural reins)

  1. (anatomy) kidney

Descendants

  • French: rein

Norman

Etymology

From Old French rein, reins, from Latin rēn, rēnes.

Noun

rein m (plural reins)

  1. (Jersey, anatomy) kidney
  • rîngnon

Norwegian Bokmål

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rejn/, [ɾæɪ̯n]
  • Homophone: regn

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn.

Alternative forms

  • ren

Adjective

rein (neuter singular reint, definite singular and plural reine, comparative reinere, indefinite superlative reinest, definite superlative reineste)

  1. clean
  2. pure

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hreinn.

Noun

rein m (definite singular reinen, indefinite plural reiner, definite plural reinene)

  1. a reindeer
Synonyms
  • reinsdyr
Derived terms
  • reinkalv

References

  • “rein” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /rɛɪːn/

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hreinn.

Adjective

rein (neuter singular reint, definite singular and plural reine, comparative reinare, indefinite superlative reinast, definite superlative reinaste)

  1. clean
  2. pure

Etymology 2

From Old Norse hreinn.

Noun

rein m (definite singular reinen, indefinite plural reinar, definite plural reinane)

  1. a reindeer, Rangifer tarandus
    • 1855, Ivar Aasen, Ervingen:
      […] renna i Kapp med Reinen, um Raasi er tung og vaat: Dat maa ein Galning vera, som so vil fara aat.
      To race against the reindeer, if the road is soggy and wet: It must be a madman who wants to act like that.
Synonyms
  • reinsdyr
Derived terms
  • reinkalv
  • reinsbukk

References

  • “rein” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old French

Etymology 1

First attested in the plural as reins, from Latin rēnes, plural of the almost unused rēn.

Alternative forms

  • rain

Noun

rein m (oblique plural reinz, nominative singular reinz, nominative plural rein)

  1. (anatomy) kidney
  2. (in the plural, reins) small of the back, lower back
Descendants
  • Middle French: rein
    • French: rein
  • Norman: rein
  • Walloon: rino, rno, rin
  • → English: rein

Etymology 2

See rien

Noun

rein f (oblique plural reinz, nominative singular rein, nominative plural reinz)

  1. Alternative form of rien

Plautdietsch

Adjective

rein

  1. clean
  2. pure, immaculate
  3. chaste

Volapük

Noun

rein (nominative plural reins)

  1. rain

Declension

declension of rein
singularplural
nominativereinreins
genitivereinareinas
dativereinereines
accusativereinireinis
vocative 1o rein!o reins!
predicative 2reinureinus
  • 1 status as a case is disputed
  • 2 in later, non-classical Volapük only

Synonyms

  • lömib

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian [Term?], from Proto-West Germanic *regn, from Proto-Germanic *regną.

Pronunciation

  • (Clay) IPA(key): /rai̯n/
  • (Wood) IPA(key): /rɛi̯n/

Noun

rein c (no plural, diminutive reintsje)

  1. rain

Derived terms

  • reinbôge

Further reading

  • “rein (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
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