refuser
English
Etymology
refuse + -er
Noun
refuser (plural refusers)
- One who refuses.
French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *refūsāre, present active infinitive of *refūsō, from a blend of Latin refūtō and recūsō.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʁə.fy.ze/
audio (file)
Verb
refuser
- to refuse
- Antonym: accepter
Conjugation
Conjugation of refuser (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | refuser | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | refusant /ʁə.fy.zɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | refusé /ʁə.fy.ze/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ | refuses /ʁə.fyz/ | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ | refusons /ʁə.fy.zɔ̃/ | refusez /ʁə.fy.ze/ | refusent /ʁə.fyz/ |
| imperfect | refusais /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ | refusais /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ | refusait /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ | refusions /ʁə.fy.zjɔ̃/ | refusiez /ʁə.fy.zje/ | refusaient /ʁə.fy.zɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | refusai /ʁə.fy.ze/ | refusas /ʁə.fy.za/ | refusa /ʁə.fy.za/ | refusâmes /ʁə.fy.zam/ | refusâtes /ʁə.fy.zat/ | refusèrent /ʁə.fy.zɛʁ/ | |
| future | refuserai /ʁə.fyz.ʁe/ | refuseras /ʁə.fyz.ʁa/ | refusera /ʁə.fyz.ʁa/ | refuserons /ʁə.fyz.ʁɔ̃/ | refuserez /ʁə.fyz.ʁe/ | refuseront /ʁə.fyz.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | refuserais /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ | refuserais /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ | refuserait /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ | refuserions /ʁə.fy.zə.ʁjɔ̃/ | refuseriez /ʁə.fy.zə.ʁje/ | refuseraient /ʁə.fyz.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) | present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) | present | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ | refuses /ʁə.fyz/ | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ | refusions /ʁə.fy.zjɔ̃/ | refusiez /ʁə.fy.zje/ | refusent /ʁə.fyz/ |
| imperfect2 | refusasse /ʁə.fy.zas/ | refusasses /ʁə.fy.zas/ | refusât /ʁə.fy.za/ | refusassions /ʁə.fy.za.sjɔ̃/ | refusassiez /ʁə.fy.za.sje/ | refusassent /ʁə.fy.zas/ | |
| (compound tenses) | past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | refuse /ʁə.fyz/ | — | refusons /ʁə.fy.zɔ̃/ | refusez /ʁə.fy.ze/ | — | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
- Salon des Refusés
Related terms
- refus
Further reading
- “refuser”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *refusare.
Verb
refuser
- to refuse
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-ss, *-st are modified to s, st. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of refuser (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | refuser | avoir refusé | |||||
| gerund | en refusant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | refusant | ||||||
| past participle | refusé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | refus | refuses | refuse | refusons | refusez | refusent |
| imperfect | refusoie, refuseie, refusoe, refuseve | refusoies, refuseies, refusoes, refuseves | refusoit, refuseit, refusot, refuseve | refusiiens, refusiens | refusiiez, refusiez | refusoient, refuseient, refusoent, refusevent | |
| preterite | refusai | refusas | refusa | refusames | refusastes | refuserent | |
| future | refuserai | refuseras | refusera | refuserons | refuseroiz, refusereiz, refuserez | refuseront | |
| conditional | refuseroie, refusereie | refuseroies, refusereies | refuseroit, refusereit | refuseriiens, refuseriens | refuseriiez, refuseriez | refuseroient, refusereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | refus | refus | refust | refusons | refusez | refusent |
| imperfect | refusasse | refusasses | refusast | refusissons, refusissiens | refusissoiz, refusissez, refusissiez | refusassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | refuse | — | refusons | refusez | — | ||
Descendants
- → English: refuse
- French: refuser
- Norman: r'fuser (Jersey)