refringo
Latin
Etymology
From re- + frangō.
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /reˈfrin.ɡoː/, [rɛˈfrɪŋɡoː]
- (Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /reˈfrin.ɡo/, [reˈfriŋɡo]
Verb
refringō (present infinitive refringere, perfect active refrēgī, supine refrāctum); third conjugation
- I break up or open
- (physics) I refract
Conjugation
Conjugation of refringō (third conjugation) | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
indicative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | refringō | refringis | refringit | refringimus | refringitis | refringunt |
imperfect | refringēbam | refringēbās | refringēbat | refringēbāmus | refringēbātis | refringēbant | |
future | refringam | refringēs | refringet | refringēmus | refringētis | refringent | |
perfect | refrēgī | refrēgistī | refrēgit | refrēgimus | refrēgistis | refrēgērunt, refrēgēre | |
pluperfect | refrēgeram | refrēgerās | refrēgerat | refrēgerāmus | refrēgerātis | refrēgerant | |
future perfect | refrēgerō | refrēgeris | refrēgerit | refrēgerimus | refrēgeritis | refrēgerint | |
passive | present | refringor | refringeris, refringere | refringitur | refringimur | refringiminī | refringuntur |
imperfect | refringēbar | refringēbāris, refringēbāre | refringēbātur | refringēbāmur | refringēbāminī | refringēbantur | |
future | refringar | refringēris, refringēre | refringētur | refringēmur | refringēminī | refringentur | |
perfect | refrāctus + present active indicative of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | refrāctus + imperfect active indicative of sum | ||||||
future perfect | refrāctus + future active indicative of sum | ||||||
subjunctive | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | refringam | refringās | refringat | refringāmus | refringātis | refringant |
imperfect | refringerem | refringerēs | refringeret | refringerēmus | refringerētis | refringerent | |
perfect | refrēgerim | refrēgerīs | refrēgerit | refrēgerīmus | refrēgerītis | refrēgerint | |
pluperfect | refrēgissem | refrēgissēs | refrēgisset | refrēgissēmus | refrēgissētis | refrēgissent | |
passive | present | refringar | refringāris, refringāre | refringātur | refringāmur | refringāminī | refringantur |
imperfect | refringerer | refringerēris, refringerēre | refringerētur | refringerēmur | refringerēminī | refringerentur | |
perfect | refrāctus + present active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
pluperfect | refrāctus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum | ||||||
imperative | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | present | — | refringe | — | — | refringite | — |
future | — | refringitō | refringitō | — | refringitōte | refringuntō | |
passive | present | — | refringere | — | — | refringiminī | — |
future | — | refringitor | refringitor | — | — | refringuntor | |
non-finite forms | active | passive | |||||
present | perfect | future | present | perfect | future | ||
infinitives | refringere | refrēgisse | refrāctūrum esse | refringī | refrāctum esse | refrāctum īrī | |
participles | refringēns | — | refrāctūrus | — | refrāctus | refringendus, refringundus | |
verbal nouns | gerund | supine | |||||
genitive | dative | accusative | ablative | accusative | ablative | ||
refringendī | refringendō | refringendum | refringendō | refrāctum | refrāctū |
Descendants
- → Catalan: refringir
- Old French: refraindre
- → English: refrain
- French: refrain
- → Sicilian: rifrànciri
- → Spanish: refringir
References
- “refringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “refringo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- refringo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
- Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- to destroy a despotism, tyranny: dominationem or dominatum refringere
- to break down the gates: portas refringere
- to destroy a despotism, tyranny: dominationem or dominatum refringere