refraindre
Old French
Alternative forms
- refreindre
Etymology
From Vulgar Latin *refrangere, from Latin refringere, present active infinitive of refringō.
Verb
refraindre
- (transitive) to hold back, to restrain
- (reflexive, se refraindre) to restrain oneself, to refrain
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. The forms that would normally end in *-d, *-ds, *-dt are modified to t, z, t. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of refraindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | refraindre | avoir refraindé | |||||
| gerund | en refraindant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | refraindant | ||||||
| past participle | refraindé | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses | present | refraint | refraindes | refrainde | refraindons | refraindez | refraindent |
| imperfect | refraindoie, refraindeie, refraindoe, refraindeve | refraindoies, refraindeies, refraindoes, refraindeves | refraindoit, refraindeit, refraindot, refraindeve | refraindiiens, refraindiens | refraindiiez, refraindiez | refraindoient, refraindeient, refraindoent, refraindevent | |
| preterite | refraindai | refraindas | refrainda | refraindames | refraindastes | refrainderent | |
| future | refrainderai | refrainderas | refraindera | refrainderons | refrainderoiz, refraindereiz, refrainderez | refrainderont | |
| conditional | refrainderoie, refraindereie | refrainderoies, refraindereies | refrainderoit, refraindereit | refrainderiiens, refrainderiens | refrainderiiez, refrainderiez | refrainderoient, refraindereient | |
| compound tenses | present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses | present | refraint | refrainz | refraint | refraindons | refraindez | refraindent |
| imperfect | refraindasse | refraindasses | refraindast | refraindissons, refraindissiens | refraindissoiz, refraindissez, refraindissiez | refraindassent | |
| compound tenses | past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | refrainde | — | refraindons | refraindez | — | ||
Descendants
- English: refrain (borrowed)
- French: refrain