refractar
Catalan
Etymology
From English refract.
Pronunciation
- (Balearic, Central) IPA(key): /rə.fɾəkˈta/
- (Valencian) IPA(key): /re.fɾakˈtaɾ/
Verb
refractar (first-person singular present refracto, past participle refractat)
- to refract
Conjugation
Conjugation of refractar (first conjugation)
| infinitive | refractar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present participle | refractant | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | refractat | refractada | |||||
| plural | refractats | refractades | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | refracto | refractes | refracta | refractem | refracteu | refracten | |
| imperfect | refractava | refractaves | refractava | refractàvem | refractàveu | refractaven | |
| future | refractaré | refractaràs | refractarà | refractarem | refractareu | refractaran | |
| preterite | refractí | refractares | refractà | refractàrem | refractàreu | refractaren | |
| conditional | refractaria | refractaries | refractaria | refractaríem | refractaríeu | refractarien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès | |
| present | refracti | refractis | refracti | refractem | refracteu | refractin | |
| imperfect | refractés | refractessis | refractés | refractéssim | refractéssiu | refractessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès | |
| — | refracta | refracti | refractem | refracteu | refractin | ||
Further reading
- “refractar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
Romanian
Etymology
From French réfractaire, from Latin refractarius.
Adjective
refractar m or n (feminine singular refractară, masculine plural refractari, feminine and neuter plural refractare)
- refractory
Declension
Declension of refractar
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | ||
| nominative/ accusative | indefinite | refractar | refractară | refractari | refractare | ||
| definite | refractarul | refractara | refractarii | refractarele | |||
| genitive/ dative | indefinite | refractar | refractare | refractari | refractare | ||
| definite | refractarului | refractarei | refractarilor | refractarelor | |||
Spanish
Etymology
From Latin refrāctum, neuter form of refrāctus, the perfect passive participle of refringō, itself from re- (“again”) + frangō (“to break”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /refɾaɡˈtaɾ/ [re.fɾaɣ̞ˈt̪aɾ]
- Rhymes: -aɾ
- Syllabification: re‧frac‧tar
Verb
refractar (first-person singular present refracto, first-person singular preterite refracté, past participle refractado)
- (transitive, optics) to refract
Conjugation
Conjugation of refractar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
| infinitive | refractar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | refractando | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | refractado | refractada | |||||
| plural | refractados | refractadas | |||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| indicative | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | refracto | refractastú refractásvos | refracta | refractamos | refractáis | refractan | |
| imperfect | refractaba | refractabas | refractaba | refractábamos | refractabais | refractaban | |
| preterite | refracté | refractaste | refractó | refractamos | refractasteis | refractaron | |
| future | refractaré | refractarás | refractará | refractaremos | refractaréis | refractarán | |
| conditional | refractaría | refractarías | refractaría | refractaríamos | refractaríais | refractarían | |
| subjunctive | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes | |
| present | refracte | refractestú refractésvos2 | refracte | refractemos | refractéis | refracten | |
| imperfect (ra) | refractara | refractaras | refractara | refractáramos | refractarais | refractaran | |
| imperfect (se) | refractase | refractases | refractase | refractásemos | refractaseis | refractasen | |
| future1 | refractare | refractares | refractare | refractáremos | refractareis | refractaren | |
| imperative | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes | |
| affirmative | refractatú refractávos | refracte | refractemos | refractad | refracten | ||
| negative | no refractes | no refracte | no refractemos | no refractéis | no refracten | ||
1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
Selected combined forms of refractar
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| singular | plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | ||
| with infinitive refractar | |||||||
| dative | refractarme | refractarte | refractarle, refractarse | refractarnos | refractaros | refractarles, refractarse | |
| accusative | refractarme | refractarte | refractarlo, refractarla, refractarse | refractarnos | refractaros | refractarlos, refractarlas, refractarse | |
| with gerund refractando | |||||||
| dative | refractándome | refractándote | refractándole, refractándose | refractándonos | refractándoos | refractándoles, refractándose | |
| accusative | refractándome | refractándote | refractándolo, refractándola, refractándose | refractándonos | refractándoos | refractándolos, refractándolas, refractándose | |
| with informal second-person singular tú imperative refracta | |||||||
| dative | refráctame | refráctate | refráctale | refráctanos | not used | refráctales | |
| accusative | refráctame | refráctate | refráctalo, refráctala | refráctanos | not used | refráctalos, refráctalas | |
| with informal second-person singular vos imperative refractá | |||||||
| dative | refractame | refractate | refractale | refractanos | not used | refractales | |
| accusative | refractame | refractate | refractalo, refractala | refractanos | not used | refractalos, refractalas | |
| with formal second-person singular imperative refracte | |||||||
| dative | refrácteme | not used | refráctele, refráctese | refráctenos | not used | refrácteles | |
| accusative | refrácteme | not used | refráctelo, refráctela, refráctese | refráctenos | not used | refráctelos, refráctelas | |
| with first-person plural imperative refractemos | |||||||
| dative | not used | refractémoste | refractémosle | refractémonos | refractémoos | refractémosles | |
| accusative | not used | refractémoste | refractémoslo, refractémosla | refractémonos | refractémoos | refractémoslos, refractémoslas | |
| with informal second-person plural imperative refractad | |||||||
| dative | refractadme | not used | refractadle | refractadnos | refractaos | refractadles | |
| accusative | refractadme | not used | refractadlo, refractadla | refractadnos | refractaos | refractadlos, refractadlas | |
| with formal second-person plural imperative refracten | |||||||
| dative | refráctenme | not used | refráctenle | refráctennos | not used | refráctenles, refráctense | |
| accusative | refráctenme | not used | refráctenlo, refráctenla | refráctennos | not used | refráctenlos, refráctenlas, refráctense | |
Further reading
- “refractar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014