refined

refined

English

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɹiːfaɪnd/

Verb

refined

1. simple past tense and past participle of refine

   The raw petroleum was refined into kerosene.

Adjective

refined (comparative more refined, superlative most refined)

1. Precise, freed from imprecision, particularly:
   1. (of people, obsolete) Sagacious, sometimes (derogatory) oversubtle or feigning sagacity.
   2. (of thought) Subtle, scrupulous, carefully thought out.

      The argument, while not persuasive, is quite refined.

   3. (of processes) Developed, improved.

      The curriculum has been carefully refined to meet the needs of foreign students.

2. Cultured, freed from vulgarity, particularly:
   1. (of language) Elevated and polished.

      In the British Isles, Oxbridge is considered refined; Geordie somewhat less so.

   2. (of people) Elegant, sometimes (derogatory) affected, prissy, or bloodless.

      Don Draper was a man of refined tastes.

      • 1946, Elizabeth Metzger Howard, Before the Sun Goes Down, p. 31:

        "Jesus Christ! Was my folks refined. My mam she wouldn't think-a lettin' us young'uns call a pee pot a pee pot. A chamber's what she called it... And by God! Us young'uns had ter call the pee pot a chamber or git our God damn necks wrang."

3. Purified, reduced in or freed from impurities, particularly:
   1. (of products) Highly-processed and pure.

      Under current guidelines, refined sugar must be at least five times purer than its raw counterpart.

   2. (of metal) Free of dross or alloy.

      The Temple at Jerusalem preferred Tyrian shekels, since even with Ba'al's portrait they bore highly refined silver.

   3. (of people, obsolete) Morally pure.
4. (of a market) Dealing in a refined product such as sugar or petroleum.

Translations

freed from vulgarity

Bulgarian: изискан (bg) (iziskan), изтънчен (bg) (iztǎnčen) Chinese: Mandarin: 斯文 (zh) (sīwén) Dutch: verfijnd (nl) Finnish: hienostunut (fi) Russian: изы́сканный (ru) (izýskannyj)

cultured, elegant

Bulgarian: изискан (bg) (iziskan) Catalan: refinat Chinese: Mandarin: 斯文 (zh) (sīwén) Danish: raffineret, elegant (da), forfinet Dutch: verfijnd (nl) Finnish: hienostunut (fi) French: affiné (fr), raffiné (fr) German: kultiviert (de), gepflegt (de) Greek: εκλεπτυσμένος (el) (ekleptysménos) Ancient: κομψός (kompsós), ἀστεῖος (asteîos) Hungarian: kifinomult (hu) Irish: galánta Latin: cultus (la), lautus Norwegian: raffinert (no) Persian: بافرهنگ‎ (bâ-farhang) Russian: утончённый (ru) (utončónnyj) (of manners or taste), изы́сканный (ru) (izýskannyj) (of manners or taste), благоро́дный (ru) (blagoródnyj) (of manners or people) Scottish Gaelic: eagarach, fìnealta, lìomhte Turkish: rafine (tr)

purified

Bulgarian: пречистен (bg) (prečisten), рафиниран (bg) (rafiniran) Catalan: refinat German: raffiniert (de), verfeinert (de), gereinigt (de) Hungarian: finomított, rafinált (hu) Manx: aaheelit Maori: parakore Russian: очи́щенный (ru) (očíščennyj) Turkish: rafine (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Translations to be checked

French: châtié (fr) Hebrew: מְעֻדָּן‎ m (me'udán) Hungarian: finom (hu) Russian: рафини́рованный (ru) (rafinírovannyj)

Noun

refined (plural refineds)

1. (finance) The refined form of a commodity, as opposed to its raw or generic form.

   We're still purchasing copper ore, but the market for refined is weaker.

Anagrams

• definer, e-friend, enfired, fendier