arfen
Old Irish
Etymology
ar- + Proto-Celtic *winati (“enclose”) (the Old Irish simplex *fenaid is unattested), from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁y- (“to weave, wind”); see also Sanskrit वयति (váyati), व्ययति (vyáyati), Latin vieō and Russian вить (vitʹ, “to wind, twist, weave”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /arˈfʲen/
Verb
ar·fen (verbal noun airbe)
- to fence off
- c. 700, the Irish Infancy Gospel of Thomas, published in "Two Old Irish Poems", in Ériu 18 (1958), pp. 1-27, edited and with translations by James Carney, stanza 1
- Imbu macán cóic bliadnae Ísu mac Dé bí, sénais dá huiscén dëac; arros·fí de crí. [MS. IMbu macan coigbliadhna iosa mac de bhi Senais da huiscen deac, ar ros fi de crí]
- When Jesus, son of the living God, was a little five-year-old boy, he blessed twelve small pools; he had fenced them in with clay.
- c. 700, the Irish Infancy Gospel of Thomas, published in "Two Old Irish Poems", in Ériu 18 (1958), pp. 1-27, edited and with translations by James Carney, stanza 1
- to exclude
Inflection
Complex, class B IV present, reduplicated preterite
| 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present indicative | Deut. | ar·fen | ar·fenat | ar·fenar | |||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Preterite | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Perfect | Deut. | arros·fí (with infixed pronoun s-) | |||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Future | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Conditional | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ||||||||
| Prot. | |||||||||
| Imperative | |||||||||
| Verbal noun | airbe | ||||||||
| Past participle | |||||||||
| Verbal of necessity | |||||||||
Related terms
- for·fen
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| ar·fen | ar·ḟen | ar·fen pronounced with /-v(ʲ)-/ |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “ar-fen”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language