arduus
Latin
Etymology
From a Proto-Italic *arðwos, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erdʰwós (whence also Old Irish ard and Welsh ardd), from *h₃erdʰ- + *-wós (whence Latin -uus).
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈar.du.us/, [ˈar.dʊ.ʊs]
Adjective
arduus (feminine ardua, neuter arduum); first/second declension
- lofty, high, steep, tall, elevated
- hard to reach, difficult, laborious, arduous
- Nihil mortalibus arduum est.
- Nothing is hard for mortals. (Horace)
Inflection
First/second declension.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
| Nominative | arduus | ardua | arduum | arduī | arduae | ardua | |
| Genitive | arduī | arduae | arduī | arduōrum | arduārum | arduōrum | |
| Dative | arduō | arduō | arduīs | ||||
| Accusative | arduum | arduam | arduum | arduōs | arduās | ardua | |
| Ablative | arduō | arduā | arduō | arduīs | |||
| Vocative | ardue | ardua | arduum | arduī | arduae | ardua | |
Derived terms
- arduitās
Descendants
- Catalan: ardu
- English: arduous
- French: ardu
- Galician: arduo, ardego
- Italian: arduo
- Portuguese: árduo
- Spanish: arduo
References
- arduus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- arduus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- arduus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette