Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ōn

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.

Suffix

*-ōn

Creates denominative verbs from nouns.
Creates factitive verbs from adjectives.

Inflection

Class 2 weak
Infinitive	*-ōn
1st sg. past	*-ōdā
Infinitive	*-ōn
Genitive infin.	*-ōnijas
Dative infin.	*-ōnijē
Instrum. infin.	*-ōniju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*-ō	*-ōdā
2nd singular	*-ōs	-ōdēs, -ōdōs
3rd singular	*-ōþ	-ōdē, -ōdā
1st plural	*-ōm	*-ōdum
2nd plural	*-ōþ	*-ōdud
3rd plural	*-ōnþ	*-ōdun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*-ō	*-ōdī
2nd singular	*-ōs	*-ōdī
3rd singular	*-ō	*-ōdī
1st plural	*-ōm	*-ōdīm
2nd plural	*-ōþ	*-ōdīd
3rd plural	*-ōn	*-ōdīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*-ō
Plural	*-ōþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*-ōndī	*-ōd

Alternative forms

*-ōjan (Northern)

Derived terms

► <a href='/wiki/Category:Proto-West_Germanic_words_suffixed_with_*-%C5%8Dn' title='Category:Proto-West Germanic words suffixed with *-ōn'>Proto-West Germanic words suffixed with *-ōn</a>

Descendants

An innovation in the northern languages was to attack the class 1 suffix to the stem vowel of this one, creating a compound *-ōjan.

Old English: -ian
- Middle English: -ien, -en
  - Scots: -e (obsolete)
  - English: -en, -e (obsolete)
Old Frisian: -ia
- North Frisian: -je
- Saterland Frisian: -je
- West Frisian: -je
Old Saxon: -on, -oian
- Middle Low German: -en
  - Low German: -en
Old Dutch: -on
- Middle Dutch: -en
  - Dutch: -en
Old High German: -ōn
- Middle High German: -en
  - German: -en