< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/īsēn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *īsāną. Equivalent to *īs + *-ēn (“ice”).
Verb
*īsēn
- to become covered with ice, to freeze over
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *īsēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *īs?dā | |
| Infinitive | *īsēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *īsēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *īsēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *īsēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *īsē | *īs?dā |
| 2nd singular | *īsēs | *īs?dēs, *īs?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *īsēþ | *īs?dē, *īs?dā |
| 1st plural | *īsēm | *īs?dum |
| 2nd plural | *īsēþ | *īs?dud |
| 3rd plural | *īsēnþ | *īs?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *īsē | *īs?dī |
| 2nd singular | *īsēs | *īs?dī |
| 3rd singular | *īsē | *īs?dī |
| 1st plural | *īsēm | *īs?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *īsēþ | *īs?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *īsēn | *īs?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *īsē | |
| Plural | *īsēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *īsēndī | *īs?d |
Descendants
- Old English: *īsian
- Middle English: īsen
- Old Frisian: *īsia
- West Frisian: iizje
- Old Saxon: *īsōn
- Middle High German: īsen
- Old Dutch: *īson
- Middle Dutch: *isen
- Dutch: ijzen
- Middle Dutch: *isen
- Old High German: īsēn
- Middle High German: īsen
- German: eisen
- Middle High German: īsen