< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þwerh
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þwerhaz.
Adjective
*þwerh[1]
- transverse, crooked
Inflection
| a-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Masculine | ||
| Nominative | *þwerh | ||
| Genitive | *þwerhas | ||
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *þwerh | *þwerhu | *þwerh |
| Accusative | *þwerhanā | *þwerhā | *þwerh |
| Genitive | *þwerhas | *þwerheʀā | *þwerhas |
| Dative | *þwerhumē | *þwerheʀē | *þwerhumē |
| Instrumental | *þwerhu | *þwerheʀu | *þwerhu |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | *þwerhē | *þwerhō | *þwerhu |
| Accusative | *þwerhā | *þwerhā | *þwerhu |
| Genitive | *þwerheʀō | *þwerheʀō | *þwerheʀō |
| Dative | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum |
| Instrumental | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum | *þwerhēm, *þwerhum |
Descendants
- Old English: þweorh, þwerh
- Middle English: thwīre, thwyre
- Old Frisian: þweres (adverb)
- West Frisian: twer
- Old Saxon: thwerh, ðwerh
- Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
- Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
- → German: verquast
- → Middle English: dwere, dwire
- → Scots: queer
- → English: queer, qwer
- → German: queer, Queer
- → Swedish: queer
- → English: queer, qwer
- Low German: dweer, dwars, quars; (> verquars)
- Middle Low German: dwer, dwers, queer
- Old Dutch: *thwerh, *thwerhes
- Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers
- Dutch: dwars
- Middle Dutch: dwer, dwers, dwersch, dwāers
- Old High German: dwerah
- Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer
- Alemannic German: Twër
- German: quer (Central German); zwerch (Upper German; still in Zwerchfell)
- → Swedish: kvär[2] (dated)
- → Danish: kvær[3] (dated)
- → Norwegian Bokmål: kvær[4] (dated)
- Luxembourgish: queesch
- Vilamovian: twar
- Middle High German: dwërch, twërch, twerhe, twer
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 307: “PWGmc *þwerh”
- kvär in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
- “kvär” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog
- “kvær” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).