< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þrāan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þrēaną.
Verb
*þrāan[1]
- to twist
Inflection
| Strong class 7d | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *þrāan | |
| 1st sg. past | *þrē | |
| 3rd pl. past | *þrēun | |
| Past ptcple | *þrāan | |
| Infinitive | *þrāan | |
| Genitive infin. | *þrāannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *þrāannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *þrāannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *þrāu | *þrē |
| 2nd singular | *þrāiʀi | *þrēī |
| 3rd singular | *þrāidi | *þrē |
| 1st plural | *þrāum | *þrēum |
| 2nd plural | *þrāid | *þrēud |
| 3rd plural | *þrāand | *þrēun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *þrāē | *þrēī |
| 2nd singular | *þrāēs | *þrēī |
| 3rd singular | *þrāē | *þrēī |
| 1st plural | *þrāēm | *þrēīm |
| 2nd plural | *þrāēþ | *þrēīd |
| 3rd plural | *þrāēn | *þrēīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *þrā | |
| Plural | *þrāid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *þrāandī | *þrāan |
Descendants
- Old English: þrāwan, þrāƿan
- Middle English: thrawen, throwen
- English: throw
- Northumbrian: thraa
- Scots: thraw
- Middle English: thrawen, throwen
- Old Frisian: thrāia
- North Frisian: treie
- West Frisian: draaie, triuwe
- Old Saxon: thrāian
- Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
- German Low German: dreihen
- Low German: draien, dreien
- → Norwegian: dreie
- → Swedish: dreja
- → Danish: dreje
- Middle Low German: dreien, dreyen, drêgen, dreigen
- Old Dutch: thrāien
- Middle Dutch: drâyen
- Dutch: draaien
- Limburgish: drejje, dreie
- Middle Dutch: drâyen
- Old High German: drāen
- Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
- Bavarian: drahn
- Cimbrian: dréenan
- German: drehen
- Hunsrik: drehe
- Luxembourgish: dréien
- Bavarian: drahn
- Middle High German: dræjen, dræn
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 151: “PWGmc *þrāan”