Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þraigijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Uncertain, it is speculated to be formed from *þrį̄hwan a doublet of *þringwan (“to press, push”), which preserved the -h- that was replaced with Verner alternant -g- in the latter verb. The form *þrį̄hwan would have been reinterpreted as a class 1 strong verb, which would have led to the creation of this secondary causative with -ai-.

Verb

*þraigijan

to threaten

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*þraigijan
1st sg. past	*þraigidā
Infinitive	*þraigijan
Genitive infin.	*þraigijannjas
Dative infin.	*þraigijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*þraigijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*þraigiju	*þraigidā
2nd singular	*þraigisi	þraigidēs, þraigidōs
3rd singular	*þraigiþi	þraigidē, þraigidā
1st plural	*þraigijum	*þraigidum
2nd plural	*þraigiþ	*þraigidud
3rd plural	*þraigijanþ	*þraigidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*þraigijē	*þraigidī
2nd singular	*þraigijēs	*þraigidī
3rd singular	*þraigijē	*þraigidī
1st plural	*þraigijēm	*þraigidīm
2nd plural	*þraigijēþ	*þraigidīd
3rd plural	*þraigijēn	*þraigidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*þraigi
Plural	*þraigiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*þraigijandī	*þraigid

Related terms

*þrangwijan

Descendants

>? Old Frisian: *thrēga
- >? West Frisian: driigje, drige, dreigje, dreige (could be borrowed from Dutch instead)
Old Saxon: thrēgian
- Middle Low German: dreigen
Old Dutch: *threigen, *thrēgen
- Middle Dutch: dreigen, drêgen
  - Dutch: dreigen