< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þolēn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þuljaną.
Verb
*þolēn[1]
- to bear, to endure
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *þolēn | |
| Infinitive | *þolēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *þolēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *þolēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *þolēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *þolē | *þol?dā |
| 2nd singular | *þolēs | *þol?dēs, *þol?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *þolēþ | *þol?dē, *þol?dā |
| 1st plural | *þolēm | *þol?dum |
| 2nd plural | *þolēþ | *þol?dud |
| 3rd plural | *þolēnþ | *þol?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *þolē | *þol?dī |
| 2nd singular | *þolēs | *þol?dī |
| 3rd singular | *þolē | *þol?dī |
| 1st plural | *þolēm | *þol?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *þolēþ | *þol?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *þolēn | *þol?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *þolē | |
| Plural | *þolēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *þolēndī | *þol?d |
Descendants
- Old English: þolian
- Middle English: þolien
- Scots: thole
- English: thole
- Middle English: þolien
- Old Frisian: tholia
- Old Saxon: tholōn, tholoian, tholian
- Middle Low German: dōlen
- ⇒ Middle Low German: dulden, dülden
- German Low German: dülden
- Old Dutch: tholon
- Middle Dutch: dōlen
- Old High German: dolēn, dolōn
- Middle High German: doln
- Alemannic German: tole
- German: dolen
- Luxembourgish: dëllen
- ⇒ Old High German: dulten
- Middle High German: dulden
- German: dulden
- Middle High German: dulden
- Middle High German: doln
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 162: “PWGmc *þolē-”