< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/þimstr
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative forms
- *finistr
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *þimstraz, from Proto-Indo-European *témH-s-ro-s, from *temH- (“dark”). Cognate with Sanskrit तमिस्र (tamisra, “dark”), Latin tenebrae (“darkness”), Lithuanian tamsa (“darkness”). Perhaps related to *þiustrī (“dark, gloomy”).[1]
Adjective
*þimstr
- dark, dusky
Inflection
a-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Masculine | ||
Nominative | *þimstr | ||
Genitive | *þimstras | ||
Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *þimstr | *þimstru | *þimstr |
Accusative | *þimstranā | *þimstrā | *þimstr |
Genitive | *þimstras | *þimstreʀā | *þimstras |
Dative | *þimstrumē | *þimstreʀē | *þimstrumē |
Instrumental | *þimstru | *þimstreʀu | *þimstru |
Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
Nominative | *þimstrē | *þimstrō | *þimstru |
Accusative | *þimstrā | *þimstrā | *þimstru |
Genitive | *þimstreʀō | *þimstreʀō | *þimstreʀō |
Dative | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum |
Instrumental | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum | *þimstrēm, *þimstrum |
Descendants
Several descendants are from a variant *finistr, in which the dental and labial articulations switched their positions.
- Old Saxon: finistar, *thinstar
- >? Middle Low German: dûnster (possibly conflated with unattested *dûster < *þiustrī)
- Old Dutch: thimster, finistre
- Middle Dutch: deemster
- Dutch: deemster
- Middle Dutch: deemster
- Old High German: thinstar, dinstar, finistir, finstar
- Middle High German: vinster, dinster
- German: finster
- Yiddish: פֿינצטער (fintster)
- Middle High German: vinster, dinster
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
References
- Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012), “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics, Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, DOI:, ISSN 1609-8498