Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wōlijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Unclear, could be derived from *wōl (“disaster”) +‎ *-jan, or from the same root as *wellan (“to toss, turn”) with a different ablaut grade.

Verb

*wōlijan

to toss, to turn
to ruin, to destroy

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*wōlijan
1st sg. past	*wōlidā
Infinitive	*wōlijan
Genitive infin.	*wōlijannjas
Dative infin.	*wōlijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wōlijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wōliju	*wōlidā
2nd singular	*wōlisi	wōlidēs, wōlidōs
3rd singular	*wōliþi	wōlidē, wōlidā
1st plural	*wōlijum	*wōlidum
2nd plural	*wōliþ	*wōlidud
3rd plural	*wōlijanþ	*wōlidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wōlijē	*wōlidī
2nd singular	*wōlijēs	*wōlidī
3rd singular	*wōlijē	*wōlidī
1st plural	*wōlijēm	*wōlidīm
2nd plural	*wōlijēþ	*wōlidīd
3rd plural	*wōlijēn	*wōlidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wōli
Plural	*wōliþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*wōlijandī	*wōlid

Descendants

Old Saxon: wōlian
- Middle Low German: wōlen
Old Dutch: *wuolen
- Middle Dutch: woelen
  - Dutch: woelen
Old High German: wuolen
- Middle High German: wüelen
  - Cimbrian: büulan
  - German: wühlen
  - Luxembourgish: wullen