Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/wandijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Germanic *wandijaną. A causative verb related to the strong verb *windan.

Verb

*wandijan

(transitive) to turn

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*wandijan
1st sg. past	*wandidā
Infinitive	*wandijan
Genitive infin.	*wandijannjas
Dative infin.	*wandijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*wandijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*wandiju	*wandidā
2nd singular	*wandisi	wandidēs, wandidōs
3rd singular	*wandiþi	wandidē, wandidā
1st plural	*wandijum	*wandidum
2nd plural	*wandiþ	*wandidud
3rd plural	*wandijanþ	*wandidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*wandijē	*wandidī
2nd singular	*wandijēs	*wandidī
3rd singular	*wandijē	*wandidī
1st plural	*wandijēm	*wandidīm
2nd plural	*wandijēþ	*wandidīd
3rd plural	*wandijēn	*wandidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*wandi
Plural	*wandiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*wandijandī	*wandid

Descendants

Old English: wendan
- Middle English: wenden
  - English: wend
  - Scots: wend
Old Frisian: wenda
- North Frisian: wende
- Saterland Frisian: weende
- West Frisian: weine
Old Saxon: wendian
- Middle Low German: wenden
  - German Low German: wennen
Old Dutch: wenden
- Middle Dutch: wenden
  - Dutch: wenden
Old High German: wenten
- Middle High German: wenden
  - German: wenden
  - Luxembourgish: wennen