Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/uʀ-

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *uz-.

Prefix

*uʀ-

up, out, over

Derived terms

Proto-West Germanic terms prefixed with *uʀ-

Descendants

The descendants differ depending on whether the prefix was unstressed (in verbs) or stressed (in other parts of speech):

Stressed:

Old English: or-
- Middle English: or-
  - English: or-
Old Frisian: or-
- Saterland Frisian: uur-
- West Frisian: oar-
Old Saxon: ur-, or-
- Middle Low German: or-
  - German Low German: oor-
Old Dutch: ur-, or-
- Middle Dutch: or-, oor-
  - Dutch: oor-
Old High German: ur-
- Middle High German: ur-
  - German: ur-
    - → English: ur-
    - → Dutch: oer-
  - Yiddish: אור־‎ (ur-)

Unstressed:

Old English: ar-, ā-, ǣ-
- Middle English: a-
  - English: a-
Old Saxon: ā-
- Middle Low German: er-
  - German Low German: er-
Old Dutch: ir-, ā-
- Middle Dutch: er-
  - Dutch: er-
Old High German: ir-, er-
- Middle High German: er-, ir-, re-
  - German: er-
    - → Swedish: er-