< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swōgan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *swōganą.
Verb
*swōgan[1]
- to overwhelm
Inflection
| Strong class 7e | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swōgan | |
| 1st sg. past | *sweōg | |
| 3rd pl. past | *sweōgun | |
| Past ptcple | *swōgan | |
| Infinitive | *swōgan | |
| Genitive infin. | *swōgannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *swōgannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swōgannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swōgu | *sweōg |
| 2nd singular | *swōgiʀi | *sweōgī |
| 3rd singular | *swōgidi | *sweōg |
| 1st plural | *swōgum | *sweōgum |
| 2nd plural | *swōgid | *sweōgud |
| 3rd plural | *swōgand | *sweōgun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swōgē | *sweōgī |
| 2nd singular | *swōgēs | *sweōgī |
| 3rd singular | *swōgē | *sweōgī |
| 1st plural | *swōgēm | *sweōgīm |
| 2nd plural | *swōgēþ | *sweōgīd |
| 3rd plural | *swōgēn | *sweōgīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swōg | |
| Plural | *swōgid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swōgandī | *swōgan |
Descendants
- Old English: swōgan, sƿōgan
- Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen
- English: sough
- Scots: swouch, souch
- Middle English: swōune (“faintness”) (past participle)
- Middle English: swōunen
- English: swoon
- Middle English: swōunen
- Middle English: swowen, souȝen, soghen
- Old Saxon: swōgan
- Old Dutch: *swuogan
- Middle Dutch: *swoegen
- Dutch: zwoegen
- Middle Dutch: *swoegen
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*swōgan”