< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swīgēn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *swīgijaną. Equivalent to *swīg + *-ēn.
Verb
*swīgēn
- to be silent
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *swīgēn | |
| 1st sg. past | *swīg?dā | |
| Infinitive | *swīgēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *swīgēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *swīgēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *swīgēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dā |
| 2nd singular | *swīgēs | *swīg?dēs, *swīg?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dē, *swīg?dā |
| 1st plural | *swīgēm | *swīg?dum |
| 2nd plural | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dud |
| 3rd plural | *swīgēnþ | *swīg?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dī |
| 2nd singular | *swīgēs | *swīg?dī |
| 3rd singular | *swīgē | *swīg?dī |
| 1st plural | *swīgēm | *swīg?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *swīgēþ | *swīg?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *swīgēn | *swīg?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *swīgē | |
| Plural | *swīgēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *swīgēndī | *swīg?d |
Related terms
- *swaigijan
Descendants
The verb was originally a weak stative verb, but developed strong forms in early Middle Dutch and Middle High German.
- Old English: swīgian
- Middle English: swīen
- Old Frisian: swīgia
- Old Saxon: swīgon
- Middle Low German: swîgen
- Low German: swiegen
- Middle Low German: swîgen
- Old Dutch: *swīgon
- Middle Dutch: swigen
- Dutch: zwijgen
- Middle Dutch: swigen
- Old High German: swīgēn
- Middle High German: swīgen
- German: schweigen
- Middle High German: swīgen