Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/swār

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *swēraz.

Adjective

*swār[1]

heavy

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swār	*swāru	*swār
Accusative	*swāranā	*swārā	*swār
Genitive	*swāras	*swāreʀā	*swāras
Dative	*swārumē	*swāreʀē	*swārumē
Instrumental	*swāru	*swāreʀu	*swāru
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*swārē	*swārō	*swāru
Accusative	*swārā	*swārā	*swāru
Genitive	*swāreʀō	*swāreʀō	*swāreʀō
Dative	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum
Instrumental	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum	swārēm, swārum

Descendants

Old English: swǣr, swār
- Middle English: swere, swer, sware
  - Scots: sweir
  - English: sweer, swear
Old Frisian: swēr, swēre
- North Frisian: swier
- Saterland Frisian: sweer
- West Frisian: swier
Old Saxon: swār, swāri
- Middle Low German: swâr
  - German Low German: swar, swaar, swor; swer
Old Dutch: *swār
- Middle Dutch: swâer
  - Dutch: zwaar
    - Afrikaans: swaar
Old High German: swār
- Middle High German: swær, swǣre, swār, swēre, swēr
  - Alemannic German:
    Swabian: schwär
  - Bavarian: schwar
  - German: schwer
  - Luxembourgish: schwéier
  - Vilamovian: świer
  - Yiddish: שווער‎ (shver)

References

Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 149: “PWGmc *swār”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 149: “PWGmc *swār”