< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sturtijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain; possibly from Proto-Indo-European *(s)tr̥-d-yé-ti, from *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”).[1]
Verb
*sturtijan[1][2]
- to fall down, tumble
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *sturtijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *sturtidā | |
| Infinitive | *sturtijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *sturtijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *sturtijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *sturtijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *sturtiju | *sturtidā |
| 2nd singular | *sturtisi | *sturtidēs, *sturtidōs |
| 3rd singular | *sturtiþi | *sturtidē, *sturtidā |
| 1st plural | *sturtijum | *sturtidum |
| 2nd plural | *sturtiþ | *sturtidud |
| 3rd plural | *sturtijanþ | *sturtidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *sturtijē | *sturtidī |
| 2nd singular | *sturtijēs | *sturtidī |
| 3rd singular | *sturtijē | *sturtidī |
| 1st plural | *sturtijēm | *sturtidīm |
| 2nd plural | *sturtijēþ | *sturtidīd |
| 3rd plural | *sturtijēn | *sturtidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *sturti | |
| Plural | *sturtiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *sturtijandī | *sturtid |
Related terms
- *startilōn, *startlōn
- Old English: steartlian
Descendants
- Old English: sturtan, styrtan
- Middle English: sterten, sturten, styrtan, stirten, steorten, starten
- English: start, sturt (dialectal)
- Scots: stert, start
- Yola: starth
- Middle English: sterten, sturten, styrtan, stirten, steorten, starten
- Old Frisian: sterta, stirta
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: stört
- Hallig and Ockholm: steerte
- Mooring: stjarte
- Saterland Frisian: stäite
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: *sturtian
- Middle Low German: storten
- German Low German: störten
- → Danish: styrte
- → Icelandic: sturta
- → Faroese: sturta
- → Swedish: störta; stjärta (dialectal)
- Middle Low German: storten
- Old Dutch: *sturten
- Middle Dutch: sturten, storten
- Dutch: storten
- Negerhollands: stort
- → Caribbean Javanese: setor, nyetor
- → Indonesian: setor
- → Saterland Frisian: stöärtje
- → West Frisian: stoarte[3]
- Dutch: storten
- Middle Dutch: sturten, storten
- Old High German: sturzen
- Middle High German: sturzen
- German: stürzen
- Luxembourgish: stierzen
- Middle High German: sturzen
References
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “(s)terd-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 1023-1024: “westgerm. *sturtjan”
- Friedrich Kluge (1989), “stürzen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 712: “wg. *sturt-ija-”
- de Vaan, Michiel (2014-2018), “Addenda EWN”, in http://www.neerlandistiek.nl/2016/03/etymologie-storten