Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spōdijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From *spōdi (“success, prosperity”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*spōdijan

to cause to succeed

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*spōdijan
1st sg. past	*spōdidā
Infinitive	*spōdijan
Genitive infin.	*spōdijannjas
Dative infin.	*spōdijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*spōdijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*spōdiju	*spōdidā
2nd singular	*spōdisi	spōdidēs, spōdidōs
3rd singular	*spōdiþi	spōdidē, spōdidā
1st plural	*spōdijum	*spōdidum
2nd plural	*spōdiþ	*spōdidud
3rd plural	*spōdijanþ	*spōdidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*spōdijē	*spōdidī
2nd singular	*spōdijēs	*spōdidī
3rd singular	*spōdijē	*spōdidī
1st plural	*spōdijēm	*spōdidīm
2nd plural	*spōdijēþ	*spōdidīd
3rd plural	*spōdijēn	*spōdidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*spōdi
Plural	*spōdiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*spōdijandī	*spōdid

Related terms

*spādī

Derived terms

*spōan
*spōdi
*spōdīg

Descendants

Old English: spēdan
- Middle English: speden
  - English: speed
  - Scots: spede, speid
Old Frisian: spēda
- North Frisian: speda
Old Saxon: spōdian
- Middle Low German: spōden, spöden
Old Dutch: spuoden
- Middle Dutch: spoeden
  - Dutch: spoeden
    - Afrikaans: spoed
  - Limburgish: spooje
Old High German: spuoten
- Middle High German: spüeten
  - German: sputen, spuden