< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spilōn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From *spil (“game; play; dance”) + *-ōn.
Verb
*spilōn
- to play
- to dance, move
Inflection
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *spilōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *spilōdā | |
| Infinitive | *spilōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *spilōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *spilōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *spilōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spilō | *spilōdā |
| 2nd singular | *spilōs | *spilōdēs, *spilōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *spilōþ | *spilōdē, *spilōdā |
| 1st plural | *spilōm | *spilōdum |
| 2nd plural | *spilōþ | *spilōdud |
| 3rd plural | *spilōnþ | *spilōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *spilō | *spilōdī |
| 2nd singular | *spilōs | *spilōdī |
| 3rd singular | *spilō | *spilōdī |
| 1st plural | *spilōm | *spilōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *spilōþ | *spilōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *spilōn | *spilōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *spilō | |
| Plural | *spilōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *spilōndī | *spilōd |
Descendants
- Old English: spilian, spillian
- Middle English: spilen
- Early Scots: *spel, *spele (attested in spelare)
- Scots: speill
- → English: speel
- Scots: speill
- Early Scots: *spel, *spele (attested in spelare)
- Middle English: spilen
- Old Frisian: spilia
- North Frisian: spàlen
- Saterland Frisian: spielje
- West Frisian: spylje
- Old Saxon: spilōn
- Middle Low German: spēlen, spȫlen, spillen
- German Low German: spälen, spelen, spillen, spölen
- → Old Norse: spila[1]
- Icelandic: spila
- Faroese: spæla
- Norwegian Bokmål: spelle, spille
- Norwegian Nynorsk: spela, spele
- Swedish: spela
- → Finnish: pelata
- Danish: spille
- Middle Low German: spēlen, spȫlen, spillen
- Old Dutch: *spilon
- Middle Dutch: spelen
- Dutch: spelen
- Afrikaans: speel
- Berbice Creole Dutch: pele
- Negerhollands: speel
- Limburgish: spaele, spele, späöle
- Dutch: spelen
- Middle Dutch: spelen
- Old High German: spilōn
- Middle High German: spilen, spiln
- Alemannic German: schpile
- Swabian: schpile, schpiele
- Italian Walser: schpélju, schpile, schpélu, schpìlju, spélò, spillun
- Bavarian: spiln, schpiln, sghpiln, schbuin, schbejn, schbiin
- Cimbrian: spiln, spillan
- Mòcheno: spiln
- Central Franconian: spille, spelle
- Hunsrik: spiele
- Luxembourgish: spillen
- East Franconian: schbieln
- German: spielen
- Yiddish: שפּילן (shpiln)
- Alemannic German: schpile
- Middle High German: spilen, spiln
Further reading
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*spila-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 343: “*spilōjan-”
References
- van der Sijs, Nicoline (2010), “spelen”, in Nederlandse woorden wereldwijd [Dutch words worldwide] (in Dutch), The Hague: Sdu Uitgevers, →ISBN, OCLC 687330964, pages 597