Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/spilþijan

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *spilþijaną. Equivalent to *spelþ (“destruction, ruin”) +‎ *-jan.

Verb

*spilþijan

to spoil, ruin
to kill, murder

Inflection

Class 1 weak
Infinitive	*spilþijan
1st sg. past	*spilþidā
Infinitive	*spilþijan
Genitive infin.	*spilþijannjas
Dative infin.	*spilþijannjē
Instrum. infin.	*spilþijannju
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	*spilþiju	*spilþidā
2nd singular	*spilþisi	spilþidēs, spilþidōs
3rd singular	*spilþiþi	spilþidē, spilþidā
1st plural	*spilþijum	*spilþidum
2nd plural	*spilþiþ	*spilþidud
3rd plural	*spilþijanþ	*spilþidun
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	*spilþijē	*spilþidī
2nd singular	*spilþijēs	*spilþidī
3rd singular	*spilþijē	*spilþidī
1st plural	*spilþijēm	*spilþidīm
2nd plural	*spilþijēþ	*spilþidīd
3rd plural	*spilþijēn	*spilþidīn
Imperative	Present
Singular	*spilþi
Plural	*spilþiþ
	Present	Past
Participle	*spilþijandī	*spilþid

Alternative reconstructions

*spillijan

Derived terms

*furispilþijan
*gaspilþijan

Descendants

Old English: spillan, spildan
- Middle English: spillen, spylle, spille, spyl, spil, spyll, spill, spilden, spyllyn
  - English: spill
  - Scots: spill
Old Saxon: spildian
- Middle Low German: spilden, spillen
  - German Low German: spillen
Old Dutch: *spilden
- Middle Dutch: spilden, spillen
  - Dutch: spillen
Old High German: spilden
- Middle High German: spilden, spillen
  - Bavarian: spillen
  - ⇒ Middle High German: spildec
    - ⇒ German: kostspielig