< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/skuddjan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Alternative reconstructions
- *skuddijan[1]
Etymology
Unclear, attested in West Germanic only, possibly related to Lithuanian kutė́ti (“to shake”)
Verb
*skuddjan[2]
- to shake
- to shiver
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *skuddjan | |
| 1st sg. past | *skuddā | |
| Infinitive | *skuddjan | |
| Genitive infin. | *skuddjannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *skuddjannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *skuddjannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skuddju | *skuddā |
| 2nd singular | *skudisi | *skuddēs, *skuddōs |
| 3rd singular | *skudiþi | *skuddē, *skuddā |
| 1st plural | *skuddjum | *skuddum |
| 2nd plural | *skudiþ | *skuddud |
| 3rd plural | *skuddjanþ | *skuddun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *skuddjē | *skuddī |
| 2nd singular | *skuddjēs | *skuddī |
| 3rd singular | *skuddjē | *skuddī |
| 1st plural | *skuddjēm | *skuddīm |
| 2nd plural | *skuddjēþ | *skuddīd |
| 3rd plural | *skuddjēn | *skuddīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *skudi | |
| Plural | *skudiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *skuddjandī | *skudd |
Descendants
- Old Frisian: skedda
- Old Saxon: skuddian
- Middle Low German: schüdden
- Old Dutch: scudden
- Middle Dutch: schudden
- Dutch: schudden
- Limburgish: sjödde
- Middle Dutch: schudden
- Old High German: scutten
- Middle High German: schütten
- German: schütten
- Middle High German: schütten
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*skuđđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 345
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*skudjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 449