< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rūnēn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *rūnijaną.
Verb
*rūnēn
- to whisper, to conspire
Inflection
| Class 3 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *rūnēn | |
| Infinitive | *rūnēn | |
| Genitive infin. | *rūnēnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *rūnēnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *rūnēniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rūnē | *rūn?dā |
| 2nd singular | *rūnēs | *rūn?dēs, *rūn?dēs |
| 3rd singular | *rūnēþ | *rūn?dē, *rūn?dā |
| 1st plural | *rūnēm | *rūn?dum |
| 2nd plural | *rūnēþ | *rūn?dud |
| 3rd plural | *rūnēnþ | *rūn?dun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rūnē | *rūn?dī |
| 2nd singular | *rūnēs | *rūn?dī |
| 3rd singular | *rūnē | *rūn?dī |
| 1st plural | *rūnēm | *rūn?dīm |
| 2nd plural | *rūnēþ | *rūn?dīd |
| 3rd plural | *rūnēn | *rūn?dīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *rūnē | |
| Plural | *rūnēþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *rūnēndī | *rūn?d |
Descendants
- Old English: rūnian
- Old Dutch: rūnon
- Middle Dutch: runen
- Dutch: ruinen
- Middle Dutch: runen
- Old High German: rūnēn