< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rīfilōn
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *rīfilōną (“to scrape, scratch, graze”), frequentative of *rīfjaną, *rīfaną (“to tear, rend”). Cognate with Old Norse hrufla (“to graze”).
Verb
*rīfilōn
- to scrape, scratch
Conjugation
| Class 2 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *rīfilōn | |
| 1st sg. past | *rīfilōdā | |
| Infinitive | *rīfilōn | |
| Genitive infin. | *rīfilōnijas | |
| Dative infin. | *rīfilōnijē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *rīfilōniju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rīfilō | *rīfilōdā |
| 2nd singular | *rīfilōs | *rīfilōdēs, *rīfilōdōs |
| 3rd singular | *rīfilōþ | *rīfilōdē, *rīfilōdā |
| 1st plural | *rīfilōm | *rīfilōdum |
| 2nd plural | *rīfilōþ | *rīfilōdud |
| 3rd plural | *rīfilōnþ | *rīfilōdun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rīfilō | *rīfilōdī |
| 2nd singular | *rīfilōs | *rīfilōdī |
| 3rd singular | *rīfilō | *rīfilōdī |
| 1st plural | *rīfilōm | *rīfilōdīm |
| 2nd plural | *rīfilōþ | *rīfilōdīd |
| 3rd plural | *rīfilōn | *rīfilōdīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *rīfilō | |
| Plural | *rīfilōþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *rīfilōndī | *rīfilōd |
Descendants
- Old English: geriflian
- West Frisian: riffelje
- Low German: rieveln, riffeln, ruffelen
- Old Dutch: riffilon
- Middle Dutch: rijffelen, rijfelen, ruifelen, ruyffelen
- Dutch: rijfelen (obsolete)
- Middle Dutch: rijffelen, rijfelen, ruifelen, ruyffelen
- Old High German: riffilōn
- → Old French: rifler, riffler, ryffler, rofler, rufler, rufeler (see there for further descendants)