< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/rafsijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Verb
*rafsijan[1]
- to blame, to reproach
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *rafsijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *rafsidā | |
| Infinitive | *rafsijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *rafsijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *rafsijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *rafsijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rafsiju | *rafsidā |
| 2nd singular | *rafsisi | *rafsidēs, *rafsidōs |
| 3rd singular | *rafsiþi | *rafsidē, *rafsidā |
| 1st plural | *rafsijum | *rafsidum |
| 2nd plural | *rafsiþ | *rafsidud |
| 3rd plural | *rafsijanþ | *rafsidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *rafsijē | *rafsidī |
| 2nd singular | *rafsijēs | *rafsidī |
| 3rd singular | *rafsijē | *rafsidī |
| 1st plural | *rafsijēm | *rafsidīm |
| 2nd plural | *rafsijēþ | *rafsidīd |
| 3rd plural | *rafsijēn | *rafsidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *rafsi | |
| Plural | *rafsiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *rafsijandī | *rafsid |
Descendants
- Old English: refsan
- ⇒ Old Frisian: birespa
- Old High German: refsen
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 237: “PWGmc *rafsijan”