< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/plehan
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
Unknown.[1][2] Compare perhaps Middle High German spulgen (“to be used to”).[3]
Verb
*plehan[4][2]
- to stand up for
- to be responsible for
Inflection
Strong class 5 | ||
---|---|---|
Infinitive | *plehan | |
1st sg. past | *plah | |
3rd pl. past | *plāgun | |
Past ptcple | *plegan | |
Infinitive | *plehan | |
Genitive infin. | *plehannjas | |
Dative infin. | *plehannjē | |
Instrum. infin. | *plehannju | |
Indicative | Present | Past |
1st singular | *plehu | *plah |
2nd singular | *plihiʀi | *plāgī |
3rd singular | *plihidi | *plah |
1st plural | *plehum | *plāgum |
2nd plural | *plihid | *plāgud |
3rd plural | *plehand | *plāgun |
Subjunctive | Present | Past |
1st singular | *plehē | *plāgī |
2nd singular | *plehēs | *plāgī |
3rd singular | *plehē | *plāgī |
1st plural | *plehēm | *plāgīm |
2nd plural | *plehēþ | *plāgīd |
3rd plural | *plehēn | *plāgīn |
Imperative | Present | |
Singular | *pleh | |
Plural | *plihid | |
Present | Past | |
Participle | *plehandī | *plegan |
Derived terms
- *plihti
Descendants
- Old English: plēon, pleġan
- Old Frisian: plega; plegia, pligia
- Saterland Frisian: pleegje
- West Frisian: pliigje
- Old Saxon: plegan
- Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen
- Low German: plegen
- → Old Norse: plega
- Norwegian Bokmål: pleie
- Norwegian Nynorsk: pleie
- Swedish: pläga
- Danish: pleje
- Middle Low German: plēgen, pleggen, pleyen
- Old Dutch: *plian
- Middle Dutch: plien
- Old Dutch: plegan
- Middle Dutch: plēgen
- Dutch: plegen
- Limburgish: plieëge (why ieë and not ae?)
- Middle Dutch: plēgen
- Old High German: plegan, pflegan, phlegan
- Middle High German: phlëgen, pflegen
- Alemannic German: pflääge, pfläge
- German: pflegen
- → Polish: pielęgnować
- → Silesian: flyjgować
- Luxembourgish: fleegen
- Yiddish: פֿלעג (fleg)
- Middle High German: phlëgen, pflegen
- >? Medieval Latin: *pleviō, plebiō (“pledge”, verb)
- ⇒ Medieval Latin: plevium, plebium (“pledge”, noun)
- Old French: plege, plage, plaige, ploge, ploige
- Anglo-Norman: plege
- → Middle English: plege
- English: pledge
- → Middle English: plege
- French: pleige
- Anglo-Norman: plege
- Old French: plege, plage, plaige, ploge, ploige
- ⇒ Medieval Latin: plevium, plebium (“pledge”, noun)
References
- Orel, Vladimir (2003), “*pleʒanan ~ *plexanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
- Friedrich Kluge (1989), “pflegen”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 541: “wg. *pleg-a-”
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*plehan- - *plegan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 397
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 127: “*plehan”