< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/neman
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *nemaną.
Verb
*neman[1]
- to take
Inflection
| Strong class 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *neman | |
| 1st sg. past | *nam | |
| 3rd pl. past | *nāmun | |
| Past ptcple | *numan, *noman | |
| Infinitive | *neman | |
| Genitive infin. | *nemannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *nemannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *nemannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *nemu | *nam |
| 2nd singular | *nimiʀi | *nāmī |
| 3rd singular | *nimidi | *nam |
| 1st plural | *nemum | *nāmum |
| 2nd plural | *nimid | *nāmud |
| 3rd plural | *nemand | *nāmun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *nemē | *nāmī |
| 2nd singular | *nemēs | *nāmī |
| 3rd singular | *nemē | *nāmī |
| 1st plural | *nemēm | *nāmīm |
| 2nd plural | *nemēþ | *nāmīd |
| 3rd plural | *nemēn | *nāmīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *nem | |
| Plural | *nimid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *nemandī | *numan, *noman |
Derived terms
- *abaneman
- *bineman
- *franeman
- *ganeman
- *ūtneman
- *uʀneman
Related terms
- *nāmijan
- *nāmī
- *numþi
Descendants
- Old English: niman
- Middle English: nimen, nymen
- English: nim; numb (from past participle)
- Scots: nim
- Middle English: nimen, nymen
- Old Frisian: nima, nema
- North Frisian:
- Föhr-Amrum: nem
- Mooring: naame
- Saterland Frisian: níeme
- West Frisian: nimme
- North Frisian:
- Old Saxon: niman, neman
- Middle Low German: nemen
- Low German: nehmen
- Middle Low German: nemen
- Old Dutch: neman
- Middle Dutch: nēmen
- Dutch: nemen
- Afrikaans: neem
- Jersey Dutch: nême
- Negerhollands: neem
- Skepi Creole Dutch: nemek, name
- Limburgish: naeme, nömme
- Dutch: nemen
- Middle Dutch: nēmen
- Old High German: neman
- Middle High German: nëmen
- Alemannic German: nää, nee, nèè, nä, në
- Central Franconian: nemme
- Hunsrik: nemme
- Cimbrian: nemmen
- German: nehmen
- Rhine Franconian:
- Pennsylvania German: nemme
- Vilamovian: naoma
- Yiddish: נעמען (nemen)
- Middle High German: nëmen
References
- Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014) The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 141: “PWGmc *neman”