< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kwelan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *kwelaną.
Verb
*kwelan
- to suffer, to hurt
Inflection
| Strong class 4 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *kwelan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kwal | |
| 3rd pl. past | *kwālun | |
| Past ptcple | *kolan | |
| Infinitive | *kwelan | |
| Genitive infin. | *kwelannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *kwelannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *kwelannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kwelu | *kwal |
| 2nd singular | *kwiliʀi | *kwālī |
| 3rd singular | *kwilidi | *kwal |
| 1st plural | *kwelum | *kwālum |
| 2nd plural | *kwilid | *kwālud |
| 3rd plural | *kweland | *kwālun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kwelē | *kwālī |
| 2nd singular | *kwelēs | *kwālī |
| 3rd singular | *kwelē | *kwālī |
| 1st plural | *kwelēm | *kwālīm |
| 2nd plural | *kwelēþ | *kwālīd |
| 3rd plural | *kwelēn | *kwālīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kwel | |
| Plural | *kwilid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *kwelandī | *kolan |
Derived terms
- *kwalljan
- *kwalu
- *kwālu
Descendants
- Old English: cwelan
- Middle English: quelen
- English: queal
- Middle English: quelen
- Old Saxon: quelan
- Middle Low German: quelen
- Old Dutch: *quelan
- Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen
- Dutch: kwelen
- → Middle English: quaylen
- English: quail
- Middle Dutch: quēlen, queilen
- Old High German: quelan
- Middle High German: queln
- German: quälen
- Middle High German: queln