< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krīgan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *krīganą, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷrihg(ʰ)-o-, a suffixed extended form of *gʷréh₂us (“heavy”), see also Latin gravis, Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Sanskrit गुरु (gurú).[1][2]
Verb
*krīgan
- to strive, struggle
Inflection
| Strong class 1 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *krīgan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kraig | |
| 3rd pl. past | *krigun | |
| Past ptcple | *krigan | |
| Infinitive | *krīgan | |
| Genitive infin. | *krīgannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *krīgannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *krīgannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *krīgu | *kraig |
| 2nd singular | *krīgiʀi | *krigī |
| 3rd singular | *krīgidi | *kraig |
| 1st plural | *krīgum | *krigum |
| 2nd plural | *krīgid | *krigud |
| 3rd plural | *krīgand | *krigun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *krīgē | *krigī |
| 2nd singular | *krīgēs | *krigī |
| 3rd singular | *krīgē | *krigī |
| 1st plural | *krīgēm | *krigīm |
| 2nd plural | *krīgēþ | *krigīd |
| 3rd plural | *krīgēn | *krigīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *krīg | |
| Plural | *krīgid | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *krīgandī | *krigan |
Descendants
- Old Frisian: krīga, krīa; (krīgia)
- Saterland Frisian: kriege
- West Frisian: krije
- Old Saxon: *krīgan
- Middle Low German: krîgen
- German Low German: kriegen
- Middle Low German: krîgen
- Old Dutch: *crīgan
- Middle Dutch: crigen
- Dutch: krijgen
- Afrikaans: kry
- Limburgish: kriege
- Dutch: krijgen
- Middle Dutch: crigen
- Old High German: *krīgan; *krīgēn
- Middle High German: krīgen (northern); kriegen (?)
- Central Franconian: krijje
- German: kriegen (?)
- Yiddish: קריגן (krign)
- Middle High German: krīgen (northern); kriegen (?)
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “krigan”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 304-305
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 476-77