< Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic
Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/kruppijan
 | This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-West Germanic
Etymology
A zero-grade intensive verb related to the strong verb *kreupan and iterative verb *kruppōn (“to crawl”).
Verb
*kruppijan
- to bend
Inflection
| Class 1 weak | ||
|---|---|---|
| Infinitive | *kruppijan | |
| 1st sg. past | *kruppidā | |
| Infinitive | *kruppijan | |
| Genitive infin. | *kruppijannjas | |
| Dative infin. | *kruppijannjē | |
| Instrum. infin. | *kruppijannju | |
| Indicative | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kruppiju | *kruppidā |
| 2nd singular | *kruppisi | *kruppidēs, *kruppidōs |
| 3rd singular | *kruppiþi | *kruppidē, *kruppidā |
| 1st plural | *kruppijum | *kruppidum |
| 2nd plural | *kruppiþ | *kruppidud |
| 3rd plural | *kruppijanþ | *kruppidun |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past |
| 1st singular | *kruppijē | *kruppidī |
| 2nd singular | *kruppijēs | *kruppidī |
| 3rd singular | *kruppijē | *kruppidī |
| 1st plural | *kruppijēm | *kruppidīm |
| 2nd plural | *kruppijēþ | *kruppidīd |
| 3rd plural | *kruppijēn | *kruppidīn |
| Imperative | Present | |
| Singular | *kruppi | |
| Plural | *kruppiþ | |
| Present | Past | |
| Participle | *kruppijandī | *kruppid |
Descendants
- Old English: cryppan
- Old High German: *krupfen
- Middle High German: krüpfen
- German: krüpfen
- Middle High German: krüpfen
References
- Kroonen, Guus (2013), “krupp/bon-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308: “*kruppjan-”