Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/krupil

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *krupilaz.

Adjective

*krupil

crawling, cripple

Inflection

a-stem
Singular	Masculine
Nominative	*krupil
Genitive	*krupilas
Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*krupil	*krupilu	*krupil
Accusative	*krupilanā	*krupilā	*krupil
Genitive	*krupilas	*krupileʀā	*krupilas
Dative	*krupilumē	*krupileʀē	*krupilumē
Instrumental	*krupilu	*krupileʀu	*krupilu
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	*krupilē	*krupilō	*krupilu
Accusative	*krupilā	*krupilā	*krupilu
Genitive	*krupileʀō	*krupileʀō	*krupileʀō
Dative	krupilēm, krupilum	krupilēm, krupilum	krupilēm, krupilum
Instrumental	krupilēm, krupilum	krupilēm, krupilum	krupilēm, krupilum

Descendants

Old English: crypel
- Middle English: crüpel, crepel, cripel
  - English: cripple; creeple (dialectal)
  - Scots: crepill, cripill; crippill, crupple
Old Frisian: kreppel
- North Frisian: krebel, krabel
- Saterland Frisian: Kreepel
- West Frisian: krepel
Old Saxon: *krupil, krupel
- Middle Low German: kropel, krepel
  - Low German: Kröpel
Old Dutch: crupil
- Middle Dutch: cropel, cruepel
  - Dutch: kreupel
Old High German: krupil, kruppel
- Middle High German: krupel, kruppel, krüpel, krüppel
  - German: Krüppel
    - → Slovak: kripel
  - Luxembourgish: Krëppel